监视社会:警察、监狱与全景敞视主义  

Surveillance-society: Police, Prison and Panopticism

作　　者：牛旭[1] NIU Xu(Shaanxi Police College,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710021)

机构地区：[1]陕西警官职业学院

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2019年第2期81-90,共10页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

基　　金：江苏警官学院“一带一路”公安院校科研合作项目(2017SJYYM06)

摘　　要：警察和监狱是全景敞视主义的双生子,它们联手结成的“警察-监狱体制”构成了现代监视社会的内墙和外墙。一部监狱史其实就是一部警察史。警察曾经是社会各种治理技术的总称,肩负着对社会管理与规训的重担。通过福柯关于警察史谱系学的梳理才能更深刻地理解福柯关于规训社会的论述。而德勒兹在此基础上,更指出我们已经进入控制社会。人被拆解成电脑中可以任意组装的零部件,人存在的状态是网络监视中的虚拟自我而不是生活世界中真实自我,人的存在被异化。如何寻找新的自我正身,乃是一个严肃的话题。因此,福柯后期反复强调自我技术和自我关怀,因为个人即是政治,我们必须在自我与自我的伦理关系中来寻找人存在的立基点。Police and prison are twins of panopticism.The combination of these two,“police-prison system”,constructs the inside and outside walls of surveillance society.The history of prison is also a history of police.Police once was a general name of various types of social controlling techniques,which carried the duties of social management and discipline.Foucault’s genealogy of police history provides further understanding of carceral society.Deleuze further claimed that we are now stepping in a controlling society.Individuals are deconstructed into separate free-constructed parts in computers.Instead of the real self in the living world,the existence of individuals is virtualized under surveillance in the computerized network.Human beings are alienated.How to rebuild a new self-identification becomes a serious question.Therefore,Foucault repeatedly emphasized self-technique and selfcare in his later years.As individual is also political,we must find the basic point of human existence in the ethical relationship between self to self.

关 键 词：监视社会 警察-监狱体制 全景敞视主义 

分 类 号：DF02[政治法律—法学理论]