静电纺PMIA纳米纤维的制备工艺优化及性能  

Optimization and Properties of Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) Nanofibers via Electrospinning Process

作　　者：丰江丽 韩万里[1] 谢胜[1] 杨恩龙[1] 席曼[1] Feng Jiangli;Han Wanli;Xie Sheng;Yang Enlong;Xi Man(Materials and Textile Engineering College,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing 314001,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴学院材料与纺织工程学院

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2019年第6期70-75,共6页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51506075,11702113);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY18E030004,LQ19E030014);嘉兴市公益科技计划项目(2018AY11006)

摘　　要：以氯化锂/N,N–二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,通过静电纺丝和正交试验优化制备了间位芳纶(PMIA)纳米纤维。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱和热失重分析表征了PMIA纳米纤维的外貌形态和性能。在正交试验优化结果的基础上,将PMIA纳米纤维复合到PMIA针刺非织造布上得到PMIA复合过滤非织造布,并对其力学性能、透气性能和过滤性能进行了测试。结果表明,LiCl浓度对PMIA纳米纤维直径影响最显著。在LiCl浓度为2%,PMIA浓度为12%及接收距离为20cm和静电电压为20kV时,制得的PMIA纳米纤维平均直径最小,为74.84nm。PMIA纤维的分解温度约为415℃。红外光谱显示,PMIA纳米纤维的微结构没有变化,在3450cm^-1处存在羟基特征峰。PMIA复合过滤非织造布的透气性能下降16.4%,过滤阻力增加27.5%,过滤效率提高46.2%。The N,N-dimethylacetamide/LiCl was used as solvent,and the electrospinning method and the orthogonal experiment were designed in order to obtain and optimize poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA) nanofiber. Scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transformation infrared spectrum and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to characterize the morphology and properties of PMIA nanofibers. Based on the optimized experiments,the PMIA composite filtration nonwovens for filtration were obtained by PMIA nanofibers compounding onto PMIA needle-punched nonwovens and their properties were tested,including mechanical properties,air permeabilities and filterability. The results show the concentration of LiCl is the most important factor affecting the average diameter of PMIA nanofiber. PMIA nanofibers with diameters of 74.84 nm are obtained with the concentrations of PMIA 12%,the concentration of LiCl 2%,collector distance 20 cm and the the electrostatic voltage 20 kV,the decomposition temperature of PMIA nanofiber is 415℃. The infrared spectrum shows the microstructure of PMIA nanofiber has not changed and there is hydroxyl at the peak of 3 450 cm^-1. The air permeability of PMIA composite filtration nonwoven is decreased by 16.4%,the filtration resistance and the filtration efficiency are increased by 27.5% and 46.2% respectively.

关 键 词：静电纺 间位芳纶 纳米纤维 复合过滤非织造布 工艺优化 性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]