海口市2015—2018年学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响因素  

Blood lead level and associated factors among preschool children in Haikou City from 2015 to 2018

作　　者：刘颖[1] 黄丽红[1] 林慧 LIU Ying;HUANG Lihong;LIN Hui(Department of Child Health Care, Haikou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou 570203, China)

机构地区：[1]海南省海口市妇幼保健院儿保科,570203

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2019年第5期742-744,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解海口市学龄前儿童血铅水平及其影响因素,为早期发现儿童铅中毒并及时开展干预提供依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2015—2018年抽取海口市城区学龄前儿童共计22 038人次,进行血铅检测和问卷调查。结果海口市儿童血铅平均水平为22.45μg/L,各组儿童的血铅平均值分别为男童22.55μg/L,女童22.33μg/L;3岁组23.09μg/L,4岁组22.13μg/L,5岁组22.58μg/L,6岁组22.10μg/L。总高血铅率为0.50%,2015—2018年高血铅率呈逐年下降趋势,分别为0.80%,0.62%,0.47%,0.11%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=30.18,P<0.01)。各组儿童的高血铅率分别为男童0.45%,女童0.57%;3岁组0.46%,4岁组0.37%,5岁组0.61%,6岁组0.56%。高血铅组及血铅50～99μg/L组儿童的多动、注意力不集中、厌食、体弱多病、腹痛、面色苍白、贫血等临床表现发生率均高于血铅0～49μg/L组儿童。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母亲从事铅作业与儿童高血铅呈正相关,经常清洗玩具、经常外出活动与儿童高血铅呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论儿童高血铅与居住环境、生活习惯等因素密切相关,应定期开展血铅筛查。并向家长普及铅中毒相关知识,从而阻断儿童铅暴露。Objective To explore blood lead level and associated factors among preschool children in Haikou city,and to provide a reference for early detection and timely intervention of children’s lead poisoning. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 22 038 children from 23 kindergartens in Haikou city from 2015 to 2018. Blood lead level was examined and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Results The average blood lead level was 22.45 μg/L, with 22.55 μg/L for boys, 23.33 μg/L for girls, 23.09 μg/L for 3-year-old group, 22.13 μg/L for 4-year-old group, 22.58 μg/L for 5-year-old, and 22.10 μg/L for 6-year-old. On average, about 0.50% of the total children was found of high blood lead level, the prevalence decreased by year during 2015-2018 which was 0.80%, 0.62%, 0.47%, and 0.11%, respectively. The high blood lead rate was 0.45% for boys, 0.57% for girls, 0.46% for 3-year-old, 0.37% for 4-year-old, 0.61% for 5-year-old, and 0.56% for 6-year-old. Hyperactivity, inattention, anorexia, frail disease, stomach ache, pale and anemia was found higher in high lead group and 50~99 μg/L group than those in 0~49 μg/L group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mother’s occupational exposure to lead was positively correlated with children’s high blood lead level. Frequent toy cleaning and outings were negatively correlated with high blood lead levels in children. Conclusion The high blood lead level of children is closely related to some factors,such as,their living condition,living habits and so on.Theretore,a regular detection of blood lead should be conducted. Parents should be educated about childhood lead poisoning, as well the need to prevent and intervene in daily life.

关 键 词：铅 体征和症状 回归分析 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R725.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]