生长因子在软骨组织工程中的研究进展  

Advances in application of growth factors in stem cell cartilage tissue engineering[Abstract]

作　　者：孙东东 孙明林 高丽兰[2] Sun Dongdong;Sun Minglin;Gao Lilan(The Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police,Tianjin300162,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin300380,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心,天津300162 [2]天津理工大学机械工程学院,300380

出　　处：《中华骨科杂志》2019年第10期645-652,共8页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11572222).

摘　　要：关节软骨自然退变或创伤,导致结构和功能上的损害,因其没有血供和神经支配,基质陷窝中的软骨细胞主要通过渗透获得必需的营养和排出代谢产物,代谢活性低,损伤后难以自我修复。目前临床上主要以药物保守治疗和外科手术治疗为主,但均不能很好的满足临床需要。软骨组织工程的发展为关节软骨损伤修复提供了新的方向,其中生长因子发挥着重要作用。生长因子与种子细胞、细胞支架共同组成构建软骨组织工程的三要素。生长因子可显著促进细胞增殖分化并诱导其功能的发挥,多种生长因子协同作用介导种子细胞分化成软骨细胞。近年来,软骨组织工程发展迅速,因其细胞来源丰富、对机体自身损伤小、增殖传代和定向分化能力强、可进行生物性修复等突出优点,为关节软骨损伤修复开辟了一条新的途径。不同类型的水凝胶和不同来源的干细胞,表现出不同的支持软骨形成的能力,需要不同的生长因子来诱导其向软骨细胞分化。传统用于组织工程的生长因子有转录生长因子β、胰岛素样生长因子、骨形态发生蛋白、成纤维细胞生长因子和软骨源性形态发生蛋白等。近年来,有学者研究发现富血小板血浆、富血小板纤维蛋白、kartogenin、力生长因子等也可以有效诱导干细胞向软骨分化并维持软骨细胞表型。此外,一些人工合成化合物如地塞米松和部分无机粒子也能够促进干细胞向软骨分化。本文将对传统生长因子的研究进展进行系统总结,重点介绍新发现的生长因子及其他可以诱导干细胞向软骨分化的人工合成化合物及无机粒子,分类总结不同来源干细胞软骨组织工程所适合的生长因子,并对生长因子的下一步研究方向进行展望。Natural degeneration or trauma of articular cartilage all can lead to its structural and functional damage. Without blood supply and nerve innervation, chondrocytes in the matrix lacunae obtain essential nutrients and excrete metabolites mainly through osmosis, finally leads to its low metabolic activity and difficulty in self-repair after injury. At present, drug conservative treatment and surgical operation are the main clinical treatment, but both of them can't meet the clinical needs well. The development of cartilage tissue engineering provides a new direction for the repair of articular cartilage injury, in which growth factors plays a very important role. Growth factors, together with seed cells and cell scaffolds, constitute the three elements for the construction of tissue-engineered cartilage. Among them, Growth factors can significantly promote cell proliferation and differentiation and induce their functions. Various growth factors synergistically mediate the differentiation of seed cells into chondrocytes. In recent years, stem cell cartilage tissue engineering developed rapidly, which has opened a new way for repair of articular cartilage damage due to its abundant cell resources, small damage to body itself, strong ability of proliferation and directional differentiation, biological repair and other prominent advantages. Different types of hydrogels and stem cells show different abilities to support chondrogenesis and require different growth factors to induce chondrocyte differentiation. Traditional growth factors for tissue engineering include transcription growth factor β, insulin-like growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors and cartilage derived morphogenetic protein. Recently, some scholars found that platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, Kartogenin and Mechano-growth factor can also effectively induce chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells and maintain chondrocyte phenotype. In addition, some synthetic compounds such as dexamethasone and inorganic par

关 键 词：胰岛素样生长因子 软骨组织工程 骨形态发生蛋白 成纤维细胞生长因子 细胞增殖分化 软骨细胞分化 富血小板血浆 成软骨细胞 

分 类 号：R68[医药卫生—骨科学]