“7·26”暴雨下不同土地利用坡面浅沟沟槽发育特征及体积估算  

Development characteristics and volume estimation of ephemeral gully groove for different land use slopes undergoing “7·26” torrential rain

作　　者：杨波 王文龙 张闯娟[1] 郭明明 康宏亮 王文鑫 陈卓鑫 赵满 Yang Bo;Wang Wenlong;Zhang Chuangjuan;Guo Mingming;Kang Hongliang;Wang Wenxin;Chen Zhuoxin;Zhao Man(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F Universtiy,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Mining Area in Northern Shaanxi Province,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [3]榆林学院陕西省矿区生态修复重点实验室,榆林719000 [4]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州450003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第9期121-128,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项项目“黄土高原区域生态系统演变规律和维持机制研究”(2016YFC0501604);国家自然科学基金(40771127)

摘　　要：为明确黄土高原“7·26”特大暴雨下不同土地利用坡面浅沟沟槽形态发育特征,该文以黄土高原沟壑区岔巴沟流域为研究对象,采用实地的方法,研究休闲地、农地和撂荒地坡面浅沟沟槽侵蚀形态特征和沟槽体积估算。结果表明:1)休闲地、农地和撂荒地浅沟沟槽发育宽度集中分布在30~70cm、深度集中分布在20~60cm、断面面积集中分布在0.05~0.25m^2;沟槽平均宽度分别为46.46、47.41和43.11cm,深度为47.11、36.06和41.47cm,断面面积为0.23、0.17和0.19m^2,其中,休闲地坡面沟槽深度和断面面积均显著高于农地(P<0.05)。2)休闲地和农地的宽深比均为浅沟上坡段>下坡段>中坡段,而撂荒地为下坡段>上坡段>中坡段;三者宽深比均大于1且农地平均宽深比显著高于休闲地和撂荒地(P<0.05),即3种土地利用坡面沟槽的横向侵蚀速率高于沟底下切速率。3)休闲地、农地和撂荒地坡面浅沟沟槽平均侵蚀体积分别为5.9、3.26和4.5m3,其中,休闲地地侵蚀体积显著大于农地(P<0.05)。4)3种土地利用坡面浅沟沟槽侵蚀体积可分别采用浅沟长度的线性函数、幂函数和指数函数进行估算。To clarify the morphological development characteristics of the ephemeral gully groove of different land use types under the “7 26” torrential rain on the Loess Plateau, and we took Chabagou watershed as the study area, which was a typical and representative region suffering from this extreme rain. The field investigation method was applied to study the morphological characteristics and erosion volume estimation of the ephemeral gully groove of three land uses (fallow land, farmland and abandoned land). A total of twelve typical small catchments in Chabagou watershed were selected to investigate the development characteristics of ephemeral gullies. The length of the ephemeral gully groove was measured with a laser rangefinder and a 50 m length tape. According to the length of the ephemeral gully, the cross-section was determined to measure the width of the top, the width of the bottom and the depth of the shallow trench with the steel tape, and the gradient of the slope was measured with the slope meter. The cross-section parameters (i.e. width and depth) of the ephemeral gully groove of all measured cross-sections were averaged as the values of the width and depth of each ephemeral gully groove, and the erosion volume of the ephemeral gully groove was the sum of the volume of all measuring sections. The results showed that: 1) the concentrated distribution range of width, depth and cross-section area of ephemeral gully in fallow land, farmland and abandoned land were 30-70 cm, 20-60 cm and 0.05-0.25 m^2, respectively. On average, the width of ephemeral gully groove of fallow land, farmland and abandoned land were 46.46, 47.41 and 43.11 cm, respectively;the depths were 47.11 cm, 36.06 cm and 41.47 cm, respectively;the sectional areas were 0.23, 0.17 and 0.19 m^2, respectively. Furthermore, the ephemeral gully groove depth and sectional area of fallow land were significantly higher than those of farmland (P<0.05). 2) The up-section of ephemeral gully groove of fallow land and farmland had the largest width-dep

关 键 词：侵蚀 土地利用 “7 26”特大暴雨 浅沟沟槽 黄土高原 岔巴沟流域 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]