北京地区人工引入东方铃蟾种群的遗传变异分析  

Genetic variation analysis of artificially introduced Bombina orientalis populations in Beijing

作　　者：朱国芬 史洋 田恒久 李杨[1] 高福利[1] 鲍伟东[1] ZHU Guo-fen;SHI Yang;TIAN Heng-jiu;LI Yang;GAO Fu-li;BAO Wei-dong(College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Wildlife Rescue & Rehabilitation Center,Beijing 101399,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]北京市野生动物救护繁育中心,北京101399

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2019年第3期27-30,69,共5页Journal of Biology

基　　金：北京市野生动物救护繁育中心资助

摘　　要：北京地区现有东方铃蟾为1927年由山东烟台人工引进的200余只个体的后代,历经几十年独立进化,无新个体引入,成为研究动物种群独立进化的良好样本。实验基于线粒体及微卫星标记,对取自北京香山人工引进种群和山东烟台源种群栖息地的55只东方铃蟾样品进行了种群遗传变异分析。线粒体标记显示,北京及山东种群单倍型多样性分别为0.489和0.950,核苷酸多样性分别为0.0018和0.0033。系统进化树(NJ/ML)及单倍型间的网络图均显示两种群间的单倍型未形成显著的谱系分化。微卫星标记显示,北京及山东种群的观测杂合度分别为0.468和0.631,期望杂合度分别为0.548和0.701。Structure 软件将扩增成功的54只个体归为北京、山东两个遗传聚类簇。总体看来,北京种群显示出较低的遗传多样性,出现隔离进化衰退趋势,但仍处于适中水平,能够维持种群生存。因此,无需引入新个体。The existing Oriental fire-bellied toads ( Bombina orientalis ) in Beijing are the descendant of more than 200 individuals introduced from Shandong populations in 1927. There were no new individuals introduced along the 89 years of independent evolution, therefor making this population become a good sample of studying wild animal population genetics. In this study, we reported the genetic differentiation of 55 Oriental fire-bellied toad individuals from Beijing and Shandong populations based on mitochondrial control region and 6 microsatellite loci. Mitochondrial markers showed the haplotype diversity of Beijing and Shandong populations were 0.489 and 0.950, and nucleotide diversity were 0.0018 and 0.0033, respectively. Phylogenetic trees and network of haplotypes indicated that the two populations have not genetically separated. Microsatellite markers showed the observed heterozygosity were 0.468 and 0.631, and expected heterozygosity were 0.548 and 0.701 for Beijing and Shandong populations, respectively. Structure analysis categorized the 54 successfully amplified individuals into Beijing and Shandong genetic clusters. In general, the Beijing population showed relatively low genetic diversity, which indicated a trend of genetic isolation draw back, but it was still at a moderate level for maintaining normal existence. Thus, there is no need to reintroduce new individuals from Shandong population.

关 键 词：东方铃蟾 线粒体 DNA 标记 微卫星标记 独立进化 遗传变异 

分 类 号：Q951[生物学—动物学]