梅花鹿华南亚种和东北亚种警戒声比较  

Comparison of Vigilance-Related Calls Between Cervus nippon kopschi and Cervus nippon hortulorum

作　　者：何叶艳 吕凯伦 董加俊 俞一钒 何珂 HE Yeyan;LV Kailun;DONG Jiajun;YU Yifan;HE Ke(College of Animal Science and Technology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学动物科技学院

出　　处：《四川动物》2019年第3期241-248,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31600292);浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划资助项目(2018R412020)

摘　　要：梅花鹿Cervus nippon是社群性哺乳动物,其声音通讯在社群中发挥十分重要的作用。梅花鹿目前存在3个亚种,本研究采集了浙江省清凉峰国家级自然保护区的野生华南亚种C.n.kopschi和浙江省温州康寿鹿业科技有限公司的圈养东北亚种C.n.hortulorum的警戒声,进行声音特征分析。结果显示:(1)华南亚种具有较为多态性的警戒声,具有单音节和双音节2种不同类型的叫声,明显清晰的频带有3~4个,频率分布在1 726~15 403 Hz,而东北亚种虽也有单音节和双音节2种不同类型的叫声,但明显清晰的频带只有1个,频率分布在307~4 523 Hz;(2)综合其他亚种的相关参数,认为清凉峰华南亚种的警戒声频率范围最广且频带最多,推测由其生存的环境或遗传因素导致;(3)东北亚种的警戒声频带数量少和频率范围较窄,推测与长期的人为养殖有一定的关系。本研究结果将对浙江清凉峰野生梅花鹿种群的保护、管理与利用提供一定的帮助。Sika deer(Cervus nippon) is a social mammal, and the voice communication of which plays a very important role in the community. Currently, sika deer is composed of 3 subspecies including C. n. hortulorum, C. n. kopschi and C. n. sichuanicus. In this study, the vigilance-related calls of wild C. n. kopschi from Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang and captive C. n. hortulorum from Wenzhou Kangshou Luye Science and Technology Ltd., Zhejiang were collected for sound characteristics analysis. We found that(1) C. n. kopschi had more polymorphic vigilance-related calls with 2 different types of sounds(monosyllable and disyllable), 3-4 distinct frequency bands, and frequency distributions in 1 726-15 403 Hz;while C. n. hortulorum also had 2 different types of sounds, but with only 1 distinct frequency band distributed in 307-4 523 Hz.(2) In comparison with the parameters of other subspecies, it seemed that C. n. kopschi had the widest range of sound frequencies and the most frequency bands, and these might be caused by the environmental or genetic factors.(3) The sound of captive C. n. hortulorum had fewer frequency bands and narrow frequency range, which might have certain relationship with its long-term anthropogenic culture. The results of this study will provide some references for further protection, management and utilization of wild sika deer population in Qingliangfeng.

关 键 词：梅花鹿华南亚种 梅花鹿东北亚种 警戒声 声行为 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学] Q958.1