珠江源头入侵种波氏吻虾虎的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity of Invasive Species Rhinogobius cliffordpopei at the Source of the Pearl River

作　　者：颜岳辉 丁雪梅 李强 李旭[1] 唐利洲[2] YAN Yuehui;DING Xuemei;LI Qiang;LI Xu;TANG Lizhou(Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization,Qujing Normal University,Qujing,Yunnan Province 655011,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,昆明650224 [2]曲靖师范学院,云南高原生物资源保护与利用研究中心,云南曲请655011

出　　处：《四川动物》2019年第3期263-270,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260087,31460561);云南省应用基础研究面上项目(2018FB050)

摘　　要：为了解入侵种波氏吻虾虎Rhinogobius cliffordpopei在珠江源头地区的遗传多样性分布特征及其影响成因,本研究以线粒体细胞色素b(cyt b)基因为分子标记,对珠江源头的9个水库自然种群进行了遗传多样性与遗传分化分析。获得该物种cyt b基因全序列1 141 bp,其中保守位点1 072个,变异位点69个,无插入和缺失位点。96只个体具有5个单倍型,群体单倍型多样性为0.359±0.059,核苷酸多样性为0.021±0.010,表现为低单倍型多样性与高核苷酸多样性的群体遗传特征。以外群子陵吻虾虎R.giurinus、褐吻虾虎R.brunneus和短吻红斑吻虾虎R.rubromaculatus构建的分子系统发育树和网络分支图显示,波氏吻虾虎群体的所有单倍型与外群物种分开,构成一个单系群,并分化为2个明显的系统分支。分子变异分析结果表明,种群间和种群内的遗传变异率分别为62.99%、37.01%,固定指数为0.630(P<0.01),证实波氏吻虾虎群体形成了显著的遗传分化结构。波氏吻虾虎在珠江源头入侵地具有较高的遗传多样性水平与显著的遗传结构,入侵种群可能受到了奠基者事件和遗传瓶颈效应的影响,而多次人为引入和水利大坝的隔离作用可能为该物种扩散分布和积累突变提供了条件。研究结果将为防治波氏吻虾虎的入侵危害及保护土著鱼类物种多样性提供科学指导。In order to understand the distribution characteristics of genetic diversity and the influencing factors of the invasive fish Rhinogobius cliffordpopei at the source of the Pearl River,the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of 9 natural reservoir populations at the source of the Pearl River,were analyzed using mitochondrial cytochrome b(cyt b)gene as molecular marker.The complete sequence of cyt b gene was 1 141 bp,including 1 072 invariable sites and 69 variable sites,without insertion and deletion sites.Five haplotypes were identified from 96 individuals of this species.The population haplotype diversity and the nucleotide diversity were 0.359±0.059 and 0.021±0.010,respectively.These data indicated that this species formed low haplotype diversity and high nucleotide diversity.The results of rooted phylogenetic trees and the median-joining network relationship showed that all haplotypes of the R.cliffordpopei were separated from the outgroup(R.giurinus,R.brunneus and R.rubromaculatus),forming a monophyly and divided into 2 distinct clades.The analysis of molecular variation showed that the genetic variation between populations(62.99%)of R.cliffordpopei was significantly higher than that within populations(37.01%).And the fixed index was 0.630(P<0.01),which confirmed that the population of R.cliffordpopei had a significant genetic structure.All above results supported that the invasive species R.cliffordpopei had high genetic diversity and remarkable genetic structure at the source of the Pearl River,and these might be influenced by the founder event and genetic bottleneck effect.The multiple human introduction and dam isolation might provide conditions for individual distribution and mutation accumulation of R.cliffordpopei.These findings will provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of invasive damage of R.cliffordpopei and the conservation of species diversity of indigenous fish species.

关 键 词：波氏吻虾虎 细胞色素B基因 遗传多样性 遗传分化 珠江源头 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学] Q78