圈养大熊猫幼体在野化培训期的行为节律与季节性变化  

Daily and Seasonal Variation of Activity Patterns of Captive Giant Panda Cubs During the Pre-Release Training Project

作　　者：韦华 吴代福 何胜山 张钰 周世强 严啸 刘晓强 冯高志 张大磊 黄炎 张和民 WEI Hua;WU Daifu;HE Shengshan;ZHANG Yu;ZHOU Shiqiang;YAN Xiao;LIU Xiaoqiang;FENG Gaozhi;ZHANG Dalei;HUANG Yan;ZHANG Hemin(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Gonservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park,China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda,Dujiangyan,Sichuan Province 611830,China)

机构地区：[1]中国大熊猫保护研究中心大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室

出　　处：《四川动物》2019年第3期293-299,共7页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201104050);大熊猫国际合作项目(SD1116,KB1401)

摘　　要：2013年4月-2015年10月,在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区用录音笔和GPS对2只野化培训的圈养大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca幼体雪雪和华妍进行连续观察,收集声音数据,分析其休息、觅食、嬉戏和活动的行为节律。结果表明:(1)雪雪的日行为节律有3个觅食高峰(08∶00、18∶00和22∶00),2个休息高峰(03∶00-06∶00和11∶00-14∶00),各行为中仅嬉戏表现出有高度统计学意义的差异(F=1.944,df=359,P<0.01);休息时间占比为56.03%±10.58%、觅食为19.43%±18.49%、活动为19.30%±7.81%、嬉戏为5.24%±4.61%。(2)华妍有3个觅食高峰(10∶00、15∶00和20∶00),3个休息高峰(01∶00-06∶00、11∶00-13∶00和16∶00-19∶00);4种行为间的差异无统计学意义;休息时间占比为55.37%±10.38%、觅食为28.09%±17.79%、活动为14.61%±8.52%、嬉戏为1.93%±1.79%。(3)大熊猫幼体的日行为节律存在季节性差异。研究结果为大熊猫野化培训和野外放归提供了基础信息和科学依据。Activity patterns of captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)cubs during the pre-release training project in Wolong National Nature Reserve(Sichuan province,China)were studied during April 2013 to October 2015 via digital voice recorders and GPS.Audio and behavioral data were collected from 2 giant panda cubs,Xuexue and Huayan.Our results indicated that the feeding activity of Xuexue had 3 peaks at 08∶00,18∶00 and 22∶00.Two resting peaks were also observed,with one around noon(11∶00-14∶00)and another in the morning(03∶00-06∶00).Except playing(F=1.944,df=359,P<0.01),there was no significant difference in Xuexue’s daily activity patterns on resting,feeding and locomotion.On average,Xuexue spent 56.03%±10.58%of the time on resting,19.43%±18.49%on feeding,19.30%±7.81%on locomotion,and 5.24%±4.61%on playing daily.By contrast,the feeding activity pattern of cub Huayan also showed 3 peaks similar to those of Xuexue,with the first peak occurring in the morning(10∶00),the second in the afternoon(15∶00),and the third at night(20∶00).And 3 resting peaks were observed,including one from 01∶00 to 06∶00,one around noon(11∶00-13∶00)and one from 16∶00 to 19∶00.However,all the 4 behaviors(resting,feeding,moving and playing)of Huayan had no significant difference.Huayan spent an average of 55.37%±10.38%daily time on resting,28.09%±17.79%on feeding,14.61%±8.52%on locomotion and 1.93%±1.79%on playing.Moreover,there were also significant variations in the seasonal activity patterns of the 2 giant panda cubs.These results provide baseline information and scientific basis for the pre-release training project of giant pandas,and can be used to further improve the reintroduction programs.

关 键 词：圈养大熊猫 幼体 野化培训 行为节律 季节性变化 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学] Q958.1