不同处理对天麻种子保存时活力的影响  

Effects of Different Treatments on the Vitalities of Gastrodia elata Seeds Preservation

作　　者：黄万兵 桂阳[1,2] 杨通静[1] 朱国胜[1,2] 刘毕琴 郑治洪 阮玺睿 HUANG Wan-bing;GUI Yang;YANG Tong-jing;ZHU Guo-sheng;LIU Bi-qin;ZHENG Zhi-hong;RUAN Xi-mi(Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou institute of Modern Chinese Herbal Medicines,Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guizhou Key Laboratory ofAgricultural Biotechnology,Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences ,Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院贵州省现代中药材研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业科学院贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵州贵阳550006 [3]贵州省农业科学院贵州省草业研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《中药材》2018年第10期2261-2265,共5页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：贵州省科技合作计划项目(黔科合LH字[2015]7077号);贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合LH字[2014]7697号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2017]4140号);贵州省农业科学院专项资金项目(黔农科院院专项[2014]035号);贵州省中药现代化项目(黔科合[2014]3034-4号);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目(黔科合人才[2016]4013号)

摘　　要：目的:研究不同处理方式对天麻种子保存时活力的影响,探索天麻种子的长期有效保存方法,为天麻种质资源的保护做前期研究。方法:采收成熟红天麻蒴果后,采用真空冻干、玻璃化包埋、脱脂棉包裹等方式处理天麻种子后再进行不同温度的保存,利用TTC染色和拌菌播种检测天麻种子的活力。结果:一年后检测种子活力,室温、4℃保存时天麻种子含水量越低,种子活力越高,且显著性高于其它处理;低温或超低温保存时,5%的肌醇能有效避免低温对种子的伤害;同时天麻蒴果的果荚对种子保存有一定的益处。结论:与降低贮藏温度相比,可能降低天麻种子的含水量对于天麻种子活力的保持更有效;同时天麻种子贮藏的安全含水量远小于5%;利用非穿透防冻保护剂进行天麻种子的低温、超低温长期有效保存是可行的。Objective:To study the influence on the vitalities of Gastrodia elata seeds preservation in different treatment methods,and to explore the long-term effective preservation method of Gastrodia elata seeds in order to provide the preliminary study for protection of germplasm resources about Gastrodia elata.Methods:The Gastrodia elata capsules were harvested and processed by vacuum freeze-drying,vitreous embedding,cotton wool wrapping,then Gastrodia elata seeds were conserved in different temperature.The vitalities of Gastrodia elata seeds were detected by TTC staining and sexual propagation.Results:After saving at room temperature or 4 ℃ for one year,the seed vitality of Gastrodia elata increased with the decrease of moisture content and it was significant higher than other treatments.Treated in low temperature or ultra-low temperature,5% of inositol could effectively avoid the damage of low temperature to seeds.Meanwhile,the capsule of Gastrodia elata had certain benefits to seed preservation.Conclusion:Compared with lowering the storage temperature,reducing the moisture of Gastrodia elata seeds can be more effective in preserving its vitalities.At the same time,the safe water content of the seed storage is much less than 5%.It is feasible to use non-penetrating antifreeze protectant to preserve the seeds of Gastrodia elata in low temperature or ultra-low temperature.

关 键 词：天麻 含水量 低温保存 种子活力 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]