不同基肥及其施肥量对黄芪产量和质量的影响  

Effects of Different Base Fertilizers and Fertilizer Application Amount on Yield and Quality of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus

作　　者：赵亚兰 代立兰 王嵛德 徐琼[1] 赵永伟 彭志云[1] 牛元 庄建 ZHAO Ya-lan;DAI Li-lan;WANG Yu-de;XU Qiong;ZHAO Yong-wei;PENG Zhi-yun;Niu Yuan;ZHUANG Jian(Lanzhou Agricultural Science and lechnology Keseiirch and Extrusion Center,Lanzhou 730010,China;Dingxi Academy of Agricullund Sciences,Dingxi 743000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃兰州730010 [2]定西市农业科学院,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《中药材》2018年第12期2741-2747,共7页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：兰州市科技计划项目(2017-4-144);兰州市人才创新创业项目(2015-RC-31,2016-RC-130).

摘　　要：目的:揭示不同基肥及施肥量对黄芪经济效应的影响,探寻其最佳基肥的施肥量,为黄芪规范化施肥提供科学依据。方法:在甘肃省永登县民乐乡柏杨村采用不同基肥对黄芪产量和质量的对比试验,通过测定土壤含水量、黄芪个体质量和产量指标,探讨基肥的不同施肥量3 000 kg/hm^2(T_1)、4 500 kg/hm^2(T_2)、6 000 kg/hm^2(T_3)及不同配比肥料N+P+K≥40%(A)、N+S+K≥5%(B)、N+P_2O_5+K_2O≥10%(C)、N+P+K≥40%(D)、饼肥(E)对黄芪产量和质量的影响。结果:永登县气候条件适宜黄芪移栽。不同基肥在不同施肥量条件下,黄芪出苗进程变化趋势均呈"S"型曲线,符合Logistic方程。与其他相土层比较,0～20 cm土层含水量高。T_3B处理产量最高,较T_2B、T_3D、T_2E和T_3E产量分别增产10.27%、8.57%、7.10%和3.84%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),从增产效果和经济效益综合考虑,因T_3B成本高其经济效益反而低,而T_3E因成本相对低其经济效益高。结论:在黄芪移栽过程中,以饼肥为基肥,施肥量6 000 kg/hm^2条件下一次性施入,黄芪药材个体质量优异,产量高,经济效益好。Objective:To reveal the effects of different base fertilizer and fertilizer application amount on the economic benefit of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and to explore its suitable fertilizer rate in order to provide a scientific basis for the standard fertilizer rate cultivation operation.Methods:The contrast experiment sown in different basal fertilizer rate was conducted by measuring the soil water content regularly,quality and yield of the medicinal in Baiyang village,Minle township,Yongdeng county,Gansu province.The effects of different basal fertilizer rate(T1:3 000 kg/hm^2,T2:4 500 kg/hm^2,T3:6 000 kg/hm^2)and different fertilizer proportion(A:N+P+K≥40%,B:N+S+K≥5%,C:N+P2O5+K2O≥10%,D:N+P+K≥40%,E:cake fertilizer)on yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus were discussed.Results:The climatic condition in Yongdeng county was suitable for cultivated Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus transplantion.Under the different basic fertilizer conditions,the changes of emergency was in ‘S’ trend and complied with a Logistic equation.Compared with the other soil,the soil moisture in 0~20 cm of soil layer was higher.Compared with T2B、T3D、T2E and T3E,the yield of T3B were increased 10.27%,8.57%,7.10% and 3.84%,respectively,but there were also insignificant difference(P>0.05).On the basis of production effects and economic benefits,compared with T3B,T3E costed less and had higher economic benefits.Conclusion:In the process of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus transplantation,the individual quality is excellent,and it has high output and good economic benefit under the condition of cake fertilizer and the rate of 6 000 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：黄芪 基肥量 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]