2011-2017年吉林省人间布鲁菌病流行特征与影响因素分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and influence factors of human brucellosis in Jilin Province in 2011-2017

作　　者：王季秋[1] 张晓晨[1] 肖瑛 王赢[1] 李铁锋[1] 王大力[1] Wang Jiqiu;Zhang Xiaochen;Xiao Ying;Wang Ying;Li Tiefeng;Wang Dali(Department of Brucellosis, the First Institute for Control and Prevention of Endemic Disease of Jilin Province, Baicheng 137000, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省地方病第一防治研究所布病研究室,白城137000

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2019年第5期390-394,共5页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的分析吉林省2011-2017年人间布鲁菌病(简称布病)流行特征与影响因素,为制定新时期布病防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对报告病例的流行特征(地区分布、时间分布、人群分布等)、影响因素(危险因素、采取防护以及防疫情况等)、流行环节、发现方式、临床分期、愈后等进行分析。结果2011-2017年吉林省共报告布病病例12 116例,平均发病率为6.30/10万;各年度发病率分别为7.51/10万、7.11/10万、7.36/10万、6.58/10万、5.90/10万、5.38/10万、4.24/10万,报告病例主要分布在松原市和白城市,占全省报告病例数的73.29%(8 880/12 116);发病时间集中在1-7月,高峰在3-5月;发病年龄主要分布在20~< 70岁,以青壮年为主,占总报告病例数的95.86%(11 615/12 116);影响因素分析中,采取防护措施、人畜混居、人畜同一水源、圈舍消毒、流产羔处理、购买牲畜检疫、饲养牲畜免疫在各年度所占比例分别为24.38%~43.33%、3.11%~17.35%、63.68%~76.58%、25.40%~35.07%、21.66%~34.49%、9.32%~29.66%、26.09%~45.45%。主要传染源是病羊,占96.72%(11 718/12 116)。传播途径以皮肤黏膜为主,其次是消化道,分别占61.55%(7 458/12 116)、34.17%(4 140/12 116)。传播因子主要是流产物、飞沫尘埃,分别占55.68%(6 746/12 116)、35.62%(4 316/12 116)。布病报告病例通过主动就医发现占90.55%(10 971/12 116)。临床分期以急性期居多,占92.01%(11 148/12 116)。治愈和好转分别占60.80%(7 367/12 116)、37.93%(4 596/12 116)。结论2011-2017年吉林省布病疫情虽有小幅回落,但面临的疫情形势依然严峻,应进一步加强监测、健康教育和健康促进、队伍建设等,切实控制人间布病疫情的发生。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influence factors of human brucellosis in Jilin Province and provide scientific basis for enacting prevention and control strategy to brucellosis in the new period. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics (regional distribution, time distribution, population distribution, etc.), influencing factors (risk factors, protective measures and epidemic prevention), epidemic links, detection methods, clinical stages and prognosis of reported brucellosis cases in Jilin Province from 2011 to 2017. Results From 2011 to 2017, 12 116 cases of brucellosis were reported in Jilin Province, with an average incidence of 6.30/100 000. The annual incidence rates were 7.51/100 000, 7.11/100 000, 7.36/100 000, 6.58/100 000, 5.90/100 000, 5.38/100 000 and 4.24/100 000, respectively. The reported cases were mainly distributed in Songyuan City and Baicheng City, accounting for 73.29%(8 880/12 116) of the total number of reported cases;the time was from January to July, and the peak was from March to May. The age of onset ranged from 20 to 70 years old, mainly in young and middle-aged adults, accounting for 95.86%(11 615/12 116) of the total number of reported cases. The following factors were studied: to take protective measures rate, human and animal mixed live, the same water source, colony house housing disinfection, manage abortion, buy animal quarantine, raise livestock immunity, and the proportion of these factors in each year was 24.38% to 43.33%, 3.11% to 17.35%, 63.68% to 76.58%, 25.40% to 35.07%, 21.66% to 34.49%,9.32% to 29.66%, 26.09% to 45.45%, respectively. The main infection source was sick sheep, accounting for 96.72%(11 718/12 116). Skin mucosa was the main route of transmission, followed by digestive tract, accounting for 61.55%(7 458/12 116) and 34.17%(4 140/12 116), respectively. The main transmission factors were apoblema and flying dust, accounting for 55.68%(6 746/12 116) and 35.62%(4 316/12 116

关 键 词：布鲁杆菌病 流行特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R516.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]