人工智能与“无用阶级”问题  

Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of "Useless Class"

作　　者：肖峰 Xiao Feng

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学马克思主义学院(哲学与科技高等研究所) [2]中国青年政治学院科学与公共事务研究所 [3]中国政法大学司法文明协同创新中心 [4]中国科学社会主义学会

出　　处：《创新》2019年第3期20-31,2,共12页Innovation

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于信息技术的当代认识论研究”(15ZDB019)

摘　　要：人工智能有可能取代人的工作从而使人沦为“无用阶级”是目前最令人担忧的社会问题。具体考察这一进程可以发现其中存在两个阶段:一是人工智能对部分人工作的取代,二是对人类全部工作的取代。后者其实是人和智能机器的新分工,人所从事的消费娱乐性活动成为人类的新型工作,人的有用性也从这些新型的价值创造活动中生成,从而需要我们重新定义“工作”和“有用性”。而前者则是更为复杂和棘手的社会问题,需要通过制度安排、价值观转型、设计和开发新的“软工作”等社会调节手段来加以解决,而且还可以上升到社会制度的分析,即通过克服资本主义式的应用来社会的建构人工智能的光明前景。人工智能技术作为人造物和社会建构的产物,在合理的社会使用中可以避免“无用阶级”的形成及其带来的社会问题,其本体论基础在于人类作为技术的主体可以主导一种基于人类中心论的人-机和谐关系。It is the most worrying social issue that artificial intelligence(AI)has the potential to replace people's work and turn people into"useless classes".If examining this process,we can find that there are two stages.One is the replacement of some people's work by AI,and the other is the replacement of all human work.The latter is actually a new division of labor between people and smart machines,and we need to redefine"work"and"usefulness".The former,that is,the replacement of some people by AI,is a more complicated and intractable social problem.It needs to be solved through institutional adjustments,value transformation,design and developing new"soft work"and other social regulation methods.It can also rise to the analysis of social systems-just to overcome the capitalist application of AI and to socially construct the bright future of AI.As the"artificial object"and"product of social construction",AI technology can avoid the formation of"useless class"and its social problems under the rational social use.Its ontological foundation lies in the fact that human beings can dominate a"humanmachine harmony"relationship based on anthropocentrism.

关 键 词：人工智能 工作 有用性 无用阶级 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]