包膜尿素不同配比减施对土壤无机氮含量及玉米氮素吸收的影响  

Effects of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Nitrogen Absorbing by Maize Under the Reduced Application of Coated Urea at Different Proportions

作　　者：冯小杰 战秀梅[1] 王雪鑫 陈坤[1] 彭靖[1] 韩晓日[1] FENG XiaoJie;ZHAN XiuMei;WANG XueXin;CHEN Kun;PENG Jing;HAN XiaoRi(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization ofSoil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang 110866)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2019年第10期1733-1745,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300303)

摘　　要：【目的】研究包膜尿素与普通尿素不同配施比例对氮素释放及玉米氮素吸收的影响,旨在筛选有利于东北春玉米高产及氮素高效利用的包膜肥料与普通尿素比例,为控释氮肥在东北地区春玉米生产上的推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】2017年在辽宁省沈阳市和海城市两地以当地主栽品种东单6531和铁研358开展田间试验。供试肥料:树脂包膜尿素和普通尿素。两个试验区均设置了不施氮处理(CK0)、普通尿素常规施氮量(CK)和减氮对照处理(CK1)、树脂包膜尿素较CK减氮处理(T0);沈阳试验区还设置了3个树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素不同配比及减氮处理(T1、T2、T3),海城试验区设置了两个处理(T1、T2)。T1、T2、T3处理包膜尿素和普通尿素的配施比例分别为8﹕2、6﹕4、4﹕6;沈阳试验区常规氮肥用量为244 kg·hm^(-2),减氮处理施氮量为220 kg·hm^(-2);海城试验区常规氮肥用量为217 kg·hm^(-2),减氮处理施氮量为195 kg·hm^(-2)。玉米生长季内各生育时期分别采集土壤和植株样品,测定土壤无机氮含量和植株不同部位养分含量,每个小区单独采收记录产量。【结果】包膜尿素与普通尿素配施能显著提高玉米产量(P<0.05),且随着配施比例的增加,产量呈先增加后降低趋势,其中T2处理的玉米产量最高(10 250 kg·hm^(-2)),CK1产量最低(9 307 kg·hm^(-2))。在等氮素条件下,玉米产量表现为T2>T3>T1>T0>CK1,籽粒产量较CK1处理增产幅度为3.89%—25.76%。在减氮10%条件下,T2处理产量与CK处理相比差异不显著。包膜尿素与普通尿素配施能显著提高玉米生育前期土壤中无机氮含量,树脂包膜尿素可以为玉米中后期生长提供氮源,且在等氮条件下,随着包膜肥料与普通尿素配比增加,氮素表观利用率和氮肥农学效益均呈先升高后降低趋势,其中均以T2处理最高,CK1处理最低,两地结果一致。【结论】包膜尿素与普通尿素配施处理的【Objective】 By studying the effects of nitrogen releasing and nitrogen absorbing by maize under the application of different ratios with coated urea and ordinary urea, this paper aimed to screen the optimal ratio, which was beneficial to the outputs of spring maize in the northeast China and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and to provide the basis for the generalizing of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on maize.【Method】Field experiments were set in Shenyang and Haicheng of Liaoning province in 2017, and crop strains were Dongdan6531 and Tieyan358, respectively. The experiment fertilizers were ordinary and coated urea. The treatments in both set points included blank control (CK0), ordinary urea nitrogen control (CK) and decreased urea N control treatments (CK1), decreased coated urea N control (T0)compared with (CK)treatments;three different ratios urea between ordinary and coated were arranged in Shenyang (T1, T2 and T3) and two in Haicheng (T1 and T2). The ratios of T1, T2 and T3 were 8﹕2, 6 ﹕4 and 4﹕6, respectively;the ordinary urea control rate was 244 kg·hm^-2 and decreased coated urea N control was 220 kg·hm^-2 in Shenyang and that were 217 kg·hm^-2 and 195 kg·hm^-2 in Haicheng, respectively. Soil and plant samples were collected according to the maize growing season, respectively. Determination of the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and different plant parts nutrient, and the biological yield of different treatments were also measured.【Result】The treatments of coated urea plus the ordinary increased the maize yield significantly (P<0.05), and with the ratio increasing, the yield first rise and then drop. The yield of T2 was the highest (10 250 kg·hm^-2), and CK1 was the lowest (9 307 kg·hm^-2). The yields of equal N inputting treatments were in the order as T2>T3> T1>T0>CK1, and the grain yield increased 3.89%-25.76% compare to CK1, but there was no significant difference between T2 and CK. The soil inorganic N content was increased at the early maize growth stage applyin

关 键 词：树脂包膜尿素 土壤无机氮 氮肥利用效率 春玉米 产量 减氮 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S153.6