温室番茄植株养分和光合对水肥耦合的响应及其与产量关系  

Responses of Plant Nutrient and Photosynthesis in Greenhouse Tomato to Water-Fertilizer Coupling and Their Relationship with Yield

作　　者：王虎兵 曹红霞[1] 郝舒雪 潘小燕 WANG HuBing;CAO HongXia;HAO ShuXue;PAN XiaoYan(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil andWater Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2019年第10期1761-1771,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2013AA103004);陕西省水利科技计划项目(2014slkj-17);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2452016074)

摘　　要：【目的】探究水肥耦合对番茄植株养分吸收和光合参数的影响及其相互关系,为西北温室番茄科学水肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】通过日光温室番茄试验,基于水分蒸发量设置3个灌水量:1.00E(W1)、0.75E(W2)、0.50E(W3)和3个施肥水平(N-P_2O_5-K_2O):高肥320-160-320 kg·hm^(-2)(F1)、中肥240-120-240 kg·hm^(-2)(F2)和低肥160-80-160 kg·hm^(-2)(F3),以当地常规灌水施肥为对照(CK)。【结果】结果表明,不同水肥处理对番茄叶面积指数(LAI)和叶绿素含量影响显著(P<0.05),均随灌水施肥量的增加而增加。LAI在成熟采摘期达最大,而叶绿素含量随植株生长先增加后降低,果实膨大期达到最大。叶片N、P、K含量呈N>K>P,分别在22.83—47.20、4.45—7.08和22.00—34.92 g·kg^(-1)间变化,提高灌水量与施肥量利于提高叶片养分含量、植株养分累积及养分向果实的转移,W1F1处理下叶片N、P、K含量及植株N、K和果实养分累积量均达到最大(除51 d叶片N和89 d叶片P含量外)。灌水和施肥对植株净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)影响显著(P<0.05),适当增加灌水量与施肥量,能够提高植株Pn、Gs、Tr。整个生育期W1F1处理下Pn最大,而Tr在CK下最大(90 d除外)。在成熟采摘期水胁迫显著降低了Pn,而在W1水平继续灌水对提高Pn、Gs、Tr不明显。番茄各生育期叶片N、P、K含量与叶绿素含量和Pn均呈显著正相关关系,植株和果实养分累积量与净光合速率和产量均呈显著正相关关系。【结论】综合考虑叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、光合参数、植株养分吸收累积及最终产量,W1F1处理(灌水量1.0E,施肥量N-P_2O_5-K_2O 320-160-320 kg·hm^(-2))为最优灌水施肥组合。【Objective】The objectives of the study were to explore the coupling effects of water and fertilizer on tomato plant nutrient absorption, photosynthetic parameters and their relationships, so as to provide a theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management of greenhouse tomato in Northwest China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse, and water volumes based on moisture evaporation were set as 1.00E (W1), 0.75E (W2) and 0.50E (W3). Fertilizer treatments of N-P2O5-K2O (F) included 320-160-320 kg·hm^-2 (high fertilizer, F1), 240-120-240 kg·hm^-2 (middle fertilizer, F2) and 160-80-160 kg·hm^-2 (low fertilizer, F3), Besides, the local irrigation and fertilization was set as control (CK).【Result】The results showed that irrigation and fertilization had a significant effect on leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content, as well as LAI and chlorophyll content increased with the increasing of irrigation and fertilization. LAI reached the maximum value at the ripening stage, while chlorophyll content firstly increased then decreased with plant growth, and reached the maximum value at the fruit expansion stage. The contents of N, P and K in leaves showed the N>K>P trend, and the content was 22.83-47.20, 4.45-7.08 and 22.00-34.92 g·kg^-1, respectively. The increasing of irrigation and fertilization was beneficial to the increase of leaf nutrient content, plant nutrient accumulation and nutrient transfer to fruit, which reached the maximum value under W1F1 treatment except for the content of N at 51d and P at 89d in leaves and P accumulation in plant. Irrigation and fertilization had a significant effect on net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr). Pn, Gs and Tr increased with the increasing of irrigation amount and fertilizer amount. Among different fertilizer and water treatments, W1F1 treatment had the highest Pn, while CK had the highest Tr except for 90d. Pn reduced significantly under water stress during tomato ripening period. The Pn,

关 键 词：番茄 水肥耦合 叶面积指数 植株养分 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]