新源县野苹果林种群的衰退与天然更新状况分析  

Analysis of the Decline and Natural Regeneration Status of Malus sieversii Forest Population in Xinyuan County

作　　者：孔维亨 刘立强[1] 秦伟[1] 朱璐辉 邓雪 杨新峰[2] KONG Wei-heng;LIU Li-qiang;QIN Wei;ZHU Lu-hui;DENG Xue;YANG Xin-feng(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi830052,China;Forestry Bureau of Huocheng County,Xinjiang,Huocheng835200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆霍城县林业局,霍城835200

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2018年第5期323-330,共8页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501504);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科;新疆农业大学2612创新团队

摘　　要：在新疆新源县野苹果林建立样地,调查野苹果种群结构、生存状态和衰退特征,采用空间代替时间的方法和分段匀滑技术,编制野苹果种群静态生命表,绘制生存与死亡曲线,分析种群存活状况和数量变化动态,结合其天然更新现状揭示新源衰退野苹果种群的可持续发展能力。结果表明,在调查的样树中,没有发现无死枝或无死亡部位的野苹果树,地上部分完全死亡的野苹果达48.00%,加上濒死树,衰亡率达63.40%;中龄树较多,幼树和老树较少,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,生存率在第Ⅰ龄级至第Ⅳ龄级时下降很快,衰退的高峰期发生在第Ⅳ龄级和第Ⅴ龄级,死亡率分别为60.00%和37.50%,种群动态表现出前期稳定、中期锐减、后期衰退的特点;野苹果天然林在第Ⅰ龄级和第Ⅱ龄级的衰退规模最高,死亡率高达85%以上,第Ⅰ龄级数量比例仅为2.00%,且存活数仅占种群存活总数的0.55%,第Ⅲ龄级死亡率亦接近50%,种群的衰退年龄和死亡特征都表明,新源野苹果林目前种群动态是前期锐减,生存与衰退状态不稳定,树体死亡特征与病虫危害的特征吻合,致衰主因是外在生物因素,年龄结构的内在因素不是目前衰退的主导因素;新源衰退野苹果的实生天然更新存在种源数量与幼树建植限制,其根蘖繁殖具有种群更新的潜力。This project aims to establish plots in Malus sieversii forests in Xinyuan,Xinjiang to investigate the population structure,survival status and decline characteristics of M.sieversii. Methods for replacing time by adopting space and piecewise smoothing technique were used to compile the population static life table of M.sieversii, to draw the survival and death curves,and analyze the population survival status and quantity change dynamics.Finally,the sustainable development ability of the M.sieversii population in Xinyuan was revealed by combining its natural regeneration status.The results showed that:in the sample trees investigated,no dead branches or dead parts of M.sieversii were found,and the total death rate of M.sieversii on the ground was 48.00%,and plus dying trees,the decline rate was 63.40% in addition to the dying trees;There were more middle-aged trees and fewer young and old trees,the survival curve of the population tended to be Deevey-Ⅱ,the survival rate decreased rapidly from the first to the fourth age grade,and the peak of the decline occurred at the Ⅳ and Ⅴ age grade,with mortality rate of 60.00% and 37.50%,respectively.The population dynamics of M.sieversii showed the characteristics of stability in the early stage,sharp decline in the middle stage and decline in the late stage;The M.sieversii natural forest had the highest decline scale in the first and second age grade,with a mortality rate of more than 85%;The number of the first age class was only 2.00%,and the survival number only accounted for 0.55% of the total population survival,and the third-grade mortality rate was also close to 50%;The declining age of the population and the characteristics of its death indicated that the current population dynamics of Xinyuan M.sieversii forest were sharply reduced in the early stage,and the survival and decline states were unstable;The characteristics of tree death were consistent with the characteristics of pests and diseases harm;The main cause of decline was external biological factors

关 键 词：野苹果林 生存状况 衰退规模 天然更新 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]