‘佳娜丽杏’适宜授粉品种筛选  

Screening of Suitable Pollination Varieties for ‘Jianali’ Apricot

作　　者：章世奎[1] 董胜利[1] 阿布来克·尼牙孜[1] 阿曼古丽·吾斯曼[1] 王亚铜 王绍鹏 樊国全[1] ZHANG Shi-kui;DONG Sheng-li;Abullek Niyaz;Amanguli Wusiman;WANG Ya-tong;WANG Shao-peng;FAN Guo-quan(Luntai Fruit Tree Germplasm Resources Nursery,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luntai 841600,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院轮台果树资源圃

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2018年第6期390-395,共6页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NICGR2018-060)

摘　　要：以9个开花期与‘佳娜丽杏’开花期相遇且果实品质较好的新疆杏品种为研究对象,通过分析这些品种的开花物候期、花粉量和花粉萌发率,比较其与‘佳娜丽杏’授粉后的坐果率、果实品质和‘佳娜丽杏’自然授粉间的差异,筛选出适宜的‘佳娜丽杏’授粉品种。结果表明,‘佳娜丽杏’4月初始花,开花后第3天进入盛花期,花期持续9d。9个授粉品种中,‘大果胡安娜’、‘克孜朗’和‘赛买提’与‘佳娜丽杏’的开花期重叠期较好,花粉量较大、花粉萌发率高;‘佳娜丽杏’自然授粉后坐果率仅为7.6%,而用‘阿克玉吕克’、‘大果胡安娜’和‘赛买提’授粉后坐果率均在30%以上,用‘赛买提’授粉坐果率最高,为36.7%;与自然授粉相比,‘大果胡安娜’和‘赛买提’授粉后,果实的单果重、可食率和可溶性糖含量均有显著提升,‘大果胡安娜’授粉后果实可滴定酸含量升高。9个杏品种中‘赛买提’较适宜作为‘佳娜丽杏’的授粉品种。Nine Xinjiang apricot varieties,which had appropriate flowering date with ‘Jianali’ apricot and good fruit quality,were selected as the test materials,and their phenophase of blooming,pollen quantity and germination rate were analyzed in flowering period.The differences of fruit setting rate,external and internal fruit quality of 9 artificial pollination combinations and natural pollination combination were also compared in this test.The results showed that in the initial flowering stage of ‘Jianali’ apricot was early April,the full-bloom stage began after 3 days after anthesis,and all of the flowering period lasted 9 days.Of the nine pollination varieties.The pollen quantity and germination rate of ‘Daguohuana’,‘Kezilang’ and ‘Saimaiti’ were higher than those of other pollination varieties,and their flowering period were more matched to ‘Jianali’.The fruit setting rate of ‘Jianali’ under natural pollination was only 7.6%,but it was above 30% under artificial pollination by the pollen of ‘Akeyulvke’,‘Daguohuanna’ and ‘Saimaiti’,and ‘Saimaiti’ pollination combination was the highest (36.7%).The fruit weight,edible percentage and soluble sugar content of ‘Daguohuanna’ and ‘Saimaiti’ pollination combination were significantly higher than those of natural pollination combination,but the titrable acidity content of ‘Daguohuanna’ pollination combination was lower than that.In conclusion,among the 9 apricot varieties,‘Saimaiti’ apricot was a suitable pollination variety for ‘Jianali’ apricot in its planting.

关 键 词：杏 开花物候 花粉特性 授粉亲和性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]