星系团的发现和星系团及成员星系的物理性质  

Identification of clusters of galaxies and physical properties of clusters and their member galaxies

作　　者：韩金林[1,2] 文中略 袁中升[1] 洪涛 Jinlin Han;Zhongliie Wen;Zhongsheng Yuan;Tao Hong(National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2019年第15期1583-1597,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11473034,U1731127)资助

摘　　要：星系团是宇宙中质量最大的引力束缚天体,是宇宙大尺度结构中密度相对比较高的节点.因此星系团是研究宇宙学的重要示踪天体之一,也提供了星系多样的寄居环境.基于公开的巡天数据,我们证认出了数目最多的星系团,显著扩展了星系团发现的红移范围.根据星系团在宇宙空间中的成团性,探测到了显著的宇宙重子声波振荡信号.通过查看星系团图像,发现许多星系团作为强引力透镜使背景星系呈现巨大的光弧.根据星系团中成员星系的分布,我们计算了最多星系团的动力学状态参数,并发现只有约1/3的星系团处于弛豫状态.我们还发现,在越弛豫的星系团中,最亮团星系的光学光度越大,其他亮成员星系越少.随着国际上在多个波段更深巡天数据的发布,星系团的研究将会有多方面的突破.Clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitationally bound systems in the Universe and are located at the knots of cosmic web. They provide powerful constraints on galaxy evolution, the formation of large scale structure of the Universe and many astrophysical processes. This paper summarizes the results we obtained in the last decade on identification of galaxy clusters, studies of the properties of clusters and cluster member galaxies. We developed a method to identify galaxy clusters by using photometric redshifts of galaxies. The method was applied to the survey data of Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS), and we identified 39668 clusters from the sixth data release of SDSS, and later identified 158103 clusters from the twelfth data release of SDSS, which doubles the number of known clusters and extends the redshift range of clusters from 0.3 to 0.8. Recently, we identified 47600 clusters from all sky data of Two Micron All-Sky Survey(2 MASS), Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer(WISE) and Super COSMOS, which significantly enlarge the number of clusters outside of the SDSS sky region. More high-redshift clusters were also recently identified from SDSS×WISE and the deep survey data, which significantly enlarge the number of cluster at high redshift. By inspecting the SDSS color images, we found many clusters showing giant arcs, acting as the lensed system for background galaxies. Many following-up studies have been done to understand the properties of galaxy clusters, including their spatial distribution in the Universe, the dynamical state and diffuse radio emission. The two point correlation function of 79091 clusters was calculated to detect the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations(BAO) signal with 3.7σ confidence, which is the first significant detection of the BAO signal by using galaxy clusters as tracers. Based on optical photometric data, we developed a method to quantify the dynamical state of clusters and calculated the relaxation parameter for 2092 rich clusters. We found that the cluster dynamical state is sign

关 键 词：星系团 数据表 宇宙大尺度结构 动力学 射电辐射 

分 类 号：P157.8[天文地球—天文学]