深海病毒的特征及其生态学功能探讨  

Characteristics and ecological functions of deep-sea viruses

作　　者：蹇华哗 肖湘[1,2,3] Huahua Jian;Xiang Xiao(State Key L aboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学生命科学技术学院,微生物代谢国家重点实验室,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海200240 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋生物学与生物技术功能实验室,青岛266071

出　　处：《科学通报》2019年第15期1598-1609,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0309800);国家自然科学基金(91851113,41676118)资助

摘　　要：病毒是自然环境中丰度最高的生物类群,对海洋生态系统中的物质能量循环和种群平衡调节发挥着不可或缺的作用.深海是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,深海微生物面临多重极端环境压力.近年来,深海病毒相关的研究揭示了其在深海环境中的高丰度和多样性,以及其重要的生态学功能.本文从深海病毒的主要特征、与环境因子的相关性、深海病毒的分离与鉴定及其生理及生态功能这4个方面进行了概述,并对未来研究的潜在方向做了展望.Believed to be the most abundant (~10^30) biological agents in the ocean, viruses play an important role in microbial metabolism, prokaryotic mortality, and nutrient recycling in marine ecosystems, thereby significantly influencing the geochemical cycles of our planet. The importance of viruses in the surface ocean has been well recognized, however we are just beginning to understand the viral role and the underlying mechanism in the deep ocean. As an essential part of the marine environment, the abyssal ocean has extensive material and energy exchanges with the upper ocean and the deep biosphere, and they constitute an integral whole of the marine ecosystem. With an average depth of approximately 3800 m, the benthic environment is characterized by total darkness, low temperature (<4°C), and high hydrostatic pressure (>10 MPa). The deep-sea inhabited microorganisms, including viruses, are believed to develop unique strategy to survive under multiple extreme environmental stresses. Studies on deep-sea viruses have revealed their abundance, diversity, and important ecological functions. In this review, advances in research on deep-sea viruses are summarized into four parts: general features, relationship between environmental factors and deep-sea viruses, isolation and characterization of representative viruses, and significant influences of the viriobenthos on the physiological and ecological function of deep? sea microorganisms. In general, the functions of viruses in the deep-sea environment mainly include two aspects: First, the regulation of material and energy cycle (viral shunt) and the dynamic change in ecosystem composition (balance of microbial communities) modulated by viral lysis;second, the expression of viral metabolic related genes (auxiliary metabolism) and the effect of viruses on host physiological activities (environmental adaptability). The former has been widely recognized, but the influence and molecular mechanism of the latter in the extreme deep-sea environment need to be further investigat

关 键 词：深海病毒 生态功能 病毒回路 辅助代谢 环境适应 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学]