陆地棉亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性研究  

Correlation Between Genetic Distance of Parents and Heterosis in Upland Cotton

作　　者：曲玉杰 孙君灵[1] 耿晓丽 王骁 Zareen Sarfraz 贾银华[1] 潘兆娥[1] 何守朴[1] 龚文芳 王立如 庞保印[1] 杜雄明[1] QU YuJie;SUN JunLing;GENG XiaoLi;WANG Xiao;Zareen Sarfraz;JIA YinHua;PAN ZhaoE;HE ShouPu;GONG WenFang;WANG LiRu;PANG BaoYin;DU XiongMing(Cotton Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang 455000,Henan)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2019年第9期1488-1500,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571716);国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0101401;2016YFD0100203)

摘　　要：【目的】通过1 500个陆地棉杂交组合分析杂种优势与其亲本间数量性状遗传距离的相关性,探讨能否利用大规模杂交组合亲本间遗传距离提高陆地棉杂种优势预测效果,以期为棉花杂交育种和杂种优势利用提供理论指导。【方法】选择来自15个国家和中国23个省(市)的305份陆地棉核心种质为亲本,采用L×T(Line×Tester)杂交设计配制1 500个杂交组合。2012—2013年,在中国南北方13个生态环境下考察其株高、单铃重、衣分、纤维长度等10个产量和纤维品质相关性状,分析F1杂种优势、亲本间遗传距离和群体结构,并采用4种方式(Cor1—Cor4)计算遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性。【结果】10个性状中亲优势(MPH)均值的变幅为1.70%—7.40%,平均为4.36%,按父本不同将F1分成5组(A—E),其MPH均值A>E>B>C>D;超亲优势(HB)均值的变幅为-4.17%—1.87%,平均为-0.17%,A、B和E组的HB均值皆为正。10个性状在5组中除D、E组的马克隆值之外,其他性状普遍具有明显的中亲优势,其中,单铃重和纤维长度的中亲优势在5组中均以正优势为主(达80%以上),最大值分别为34.01%和9.83%,对应的超亲优势分别为24.25%和5.80%。F1和亲本差异显著性分析表明单铃重、株高、纤维长度、伸长率和整齐度指数整体表现出一定的超亲优势。父本(测试种)与300个母本之间的遗传距离介于2.280—61.430,平均为21.550,5个测试种与母本间的平均遗传距离D>C>E>A>B,其中,最近值为11.721,最远值为33.271。按最小方差聚类,将305个陆地棉亲本划分为2个主群,包括5个亚群。4种遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性分析结果显示,因样本量、遗传距离变幅和父本不同其结果有所差异,相关性随样本量的增大而有所增强。其中,Cor1是Cor2结果的整体体现;Cor3与Cor1和Cor2相比,部分性状的中亲优势与遗传距离的相关性有所不同;Cor4的相关性最弱。综合来看,遗传距离与衣分、断【Objective】The correlation between heterosis and genetic distance (GD) of quantitative traits between parents was analyzed by 1500 hybrid combinations in upland cotton, and the possibility of using GD between parents of large-scale combinations to improve the efficiency of hybrid vigour prediction of upland cotton was discussed in order to provide theoretical guidance for cotton hybrid breeding and utilization of heterosis.【Method】305 upland cotton core collections from 15 countries and 23 provinces (municipalities) of China were selected as parents, and 1500 cross combinations were produced by L×T (Line×Tester) cross design. From 2012 to 2013, ten yield and fiber quality related traits, including plant height (PH), boll weight (BW), boll number per plant (BN), lint percentage (LP), fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS), fiber elongation (FE), fiber length uniformity (FU), micronaire (MIC) and spinning consistent index (SCI), were investigated in 13 ecological conditions in north and south China. F1 hybrids mid-parent heterosis (MPH), heterobeltiosis (HB), GD between parents and population structure were analyzed. The correlation between GD and hybrid vigour was calculated by four schemes (Cor1-Cor4).【Result】The mean values of MPH of the ten traits ranged from 1.70% to 7.40%, with an average of 4.36%, and F1 hybrids were divided into 5 groups (A-E) according to different male parents, the mean values of MPH: A>E>B>C>D. The mean values of HB ranged from -4.17% to 1.87%, with an average of -0.17%, and the average values of group A, B, and E were positive. In 5 groups, except for MIC of group D and E, other 9 traits had obvious MPH, among them, MPH of BW and FL were mainly positive (more than 80%) in the 5 groups, the maximum MPH values were 34.01% and 9.83% respectively, and the corresponding HB values were 24.25% and 5.80% respectively. The significant difference analysis between F1 hybrids and their parents indicated that BW, PH, FL, FE, and FU showed some HB. The GDs between 5 testers and female p

关 键 词：陆地棉 核心种质 数量性状 L×T 遗传距离 聚类分析 杂种优势预测 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]