法医系谱分析研究进展  

Research Progress of Forensic Genealogy Analysis

作　　者：刘京[1] 季安全[1] 李彩霞[1] 王桂强[1] LIU Jing;JI Anquan;LI Caixia;WANG Guiqiang(MPS’ Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics&National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science&Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security(MPS),Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心法医遗传学公安部重点实验室现场物证溯源技术国家工程实验室

出　　处：《刑事技术》2019年第3期189-194,共6页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划资助项目(No.2017YFC0803501);国家科技资源共享服务平台计划资助项目(No.YCZYPT[2017]01-3);公安科技成果推广引导计划资助项目(No.2016TGYDGAES14);国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81772027);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.2017JB025、2019JB011)

摘　　要：法医系谱分析是通过全基因组SNP数据计算两两个体的共祖片段长度,进而预测父系和母系的多级亲缘关系的技术。美国警方使用该技术破获了40多年前的金州杀手案,被《科学》杂志评为2018年全球十大科学突破之一。相比传统法医STR家系搜索和亲缘关系比对技术,该技术搜索的家族范围更广,故其迅速成为了案件侦查尤其是疑难案件侦破的重要手段。本文综述了共祖片段系谱分析技术原理和国内外研究现状,并探讨了该技术未来的研究重点,以期加速国内领域对该技术的研究,推进该技术在刑事侦查、司法鉴定中的应用。Forensic genealogy analysis can predict long-range family kinship (1-9) by calculating the length of two coancestral fragments (identity-by-descent,IBD) based on genome-wide SNP data.Using this technology,the US police had solved the “Golden State Killer” case happened 40 years before.The Science magazine nominated it as one of the world’s top ten scientific breakthroughs for the year of 2018.Compared with the traditional forensic STR family search and kinship matching, this technology is not just limited to identify the patrilineal but wider searching range,thus making it become one of the important solutions for case investigation,especially for cold cases.This paper reviews the principle and research progress of IBD analysis and the aspects needed to improve for future forensic practice in criminal investigation and judicial expertise.

关 键 词：法医系谱学 共祖片段 亲缘关系分析 金州杀手案 法医遗传学 

分 类 号：DF795.2[医药卫生—法医学]