城市地表通风潜力研究技术方法与应用——以北京和广州中心城为例  

Research and Application of Urban Surface Ventilation Potential: Cases of Beijing and Guangzhou

作　　者：刘勇洪[1] 徐永明 张方敏[3] 程宸[1] Liu Yonghong;Xu Yongming;Zhang Fangmin;Cheng Chen

机构地区：[1]北京市气候中心 [2]南京信息工程大学遥感与测绘工程学院 [3]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院

出　　处：《规划师》2019年第10期32-40,共9页Planners

基　　金：北京市自然基金项目(8192020);北京建筑大学开放课题(UDC2017031112);科技部国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB150280);江苏省优秀青年基金项目(BK20170102)

摘　　要：城市地表通风潜力是城市通风评估和通风廊道规划的前提条件,目前尚缺乏科学合理的指标来表征。文章面向城市区域尺度,基于城市形态学模型构建了通风潜力系数(VPC)指标,对城市通风潜力的强弱进行评估。随后,分别以北京和广州中心城为例,应用1∶2 000基础地理信息和Landsat8卫星资料,开展了2015年VPC估算及通风潜力评估分析。研究结果表明,VPC可有效反映城市地表通风潜力大小,其与天空开阔度呈负相关关系,线性回归模型R^2为0.459 1,与建筑高度、容积率、迎风截面积密度和粗糙度长度呈明显正相关关系,线性回归模型R^2分别为0.717 9、0.784 2、0.796 2和0.842 4;北京和广州中心城地表通风潜力最差的区域分别为三环—二环区域和越秀区,广州中心城的总体地表通风潜力明显好于北京中心城,这是由于广州具有更大面积的利于通风的林地、绿地和水体等冷源区域。The urban surface ventilation potential is a prerequisite for urban ventilation assessment and ventilation corridor planning. Currently it lacks scienti fic quantitative indicators to characterize. A quantitative index, the ventilation potential coef ficient (VPC), is developed to describe the ventilation potential on the urban regional scale. Using the above methods, taking Beijing and Guangzhou as examples, with the geographic information of 1:2 000 and Landsat8 satellite data, the VPC spatial distribution map was made and the comparative analysis of the ventilation potential of the two cities was carried out. The research results show that the VPC can effectively re flect the urban surface ventilation potential, and the VPC was negatively correlated with the sky view factor and the R^2 is 0.459 1;the VPC was signi ficantly positively correlated with the building height, floor area ratio, frontal area density and roughness length, and the R^2 is 0.717 9, 0.784 2, 0.796 2 and 0.842 4 respectively. The areas with the worst ventilation potential are between the third ring and the second ring in Beijing and in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou. The overall surface ventilation potential of central Guangzhou is signi ficantly better than that of central Beijing. This is most likely due to the fact that central Guangzhou has a larger area of natural cold source areas such as forest land, green space and water bodies that are conducive to ventilation than the central Beijing.

关 键 词：通风潜力系数 建筑形态 天空开阔度 迎风截面积密度 粗糙度长度 

分 类 号：TU984.199[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]