黄淮南片麦区小麦耐倒春寒育种研究初探  

Preliminary Study on Wheat Breeding for Late Spring Coldness Tolerance in South of Huanghuai Region

作　　者：欧行奇[1] 王玉玲[1] OU Xingqi;WANG Yuling(School of Life Science and Technology,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院生命科技学院

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2019年第5期560-566,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(151100110700);新乡市创新型科技团队项目(TD15004);河南科技学院高层次人才科研启动项目(2015003);新乡市重大科技专项(ZD18007)

摘　　要：倒春寒是严重影响和制约黄淮南片麦区小麦生产的主要气象灾害之一。小麦受倒春寒的危害程度与霜冻天气、栽培条件和品种自身遗传等关系密切。为了给黄淮南片麦区小麦耐倒春寒育种提供参考,本文结合耐倒春寒品种(系)百农矮抗58、百农207等的育种实践,提出判断小麦品种耐倒春寒的4条基本原则:(1)在相同地区相同年份,发生倒春寒时,不同栽培条件下均未发生冻害或冻害较轻的品种;(2)在相同地区不同年份,无论任何生育时期发生倒春寒均未造成冻害或冻害较轻的品种;(3)在不同年份不同地区,发生倒春寒时,均未发生冻害或冻害较轻的品种;(4)在低温敏感期(穗分化时期)鉴定时未发生冻害或冻害较轻的品种。本文还分析了与小麦品种耐倒春寒能力强弱密切关联的冬春性和抽穗期、光温反应特性、植株健壮度、越冬期抗寒性、穗部结实性和受害后恢复能力等6类性状,拟定了小麦耐倒春寒育种的基本方法。Late spring coldness is one of the main meteorological disasters seriously affecting and restricting the wheat production in the south of Huanghuai region in China.It is accepted that the damage is determined by the interaction effects among frosty weather,cultivation conditions and genetic inheritance of variety.In order to provide reference to wheat breeding for late spring coldness tolerance in south of Huanghuai region,based on the authors' practical experience of breeding a series of wheat varieties(lines) resistant to late spring coldness,such as Bainong AK58,Bainong 207,four basic criteria to judge the wheat tolerance to late spring coldness are as follows:(1) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury under different cultivation conditions once late spring coldness occurs in the same year and same region;(2) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs under different cultivation conditions at different growth stages in different year and same region;(3) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs in varied years and regions;(4) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs at panicle differentiation stage(a stage when plant is sensitive to the low temperature).A basic method for breeding wheat with late spring coldness tolerance is recommended,with six traits: heading date,thermal and photo-response characteristics,haleness status of plant,cold tolerance during the over-wintering period,seed-setting rate of ear and restoring capacity from freezing damage,taken into consideration.

关 键 词：黄淮南片麦区 小麦 倒春寒 育种 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330