基于FBG的机床龙门结构变形检测及重构研究  

Research on Deformation Detection and Reconstruction of Gantry Structure on Machine Tools Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor

作　　者：胡娜 周祖德[1,2] 刘明尧 HU Na;ZHOU Zu-de;LIU Ming-yao(School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Hubei Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Digital Manufacturing Key Laboratory,Hubei Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学机电工程学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省数字制造重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2019年第6期104-107,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金—重型数控机床热误差监测与实时补偿新方法研究(51475343)

摘　　要：机床龙门结构在工作时的力变形会严重影响到工件的加工精度,能够实时检测龙门结构在加工过程中的变形具有重要意义。首先,将定梁式机床龙门结构简化为三次超静定连续梁受载物理模型,并计算得到该结构的理论变形量。然后,根据定梁式龙门结构理论受力特点及有限元仿真分析结果,提出一种分布式光纤光栅传感器的应变实时测量方法,并建立了通过变形重构算法构建分布式应变到变形的数学模型。最后,搭建了基于FBG的机床龙门结构变形测量实验台,进行了不同载荷及不同加载位置下的实验,并通过变形重构算法计算得到相应工况下的实验变形量,实验结果与理论计算结果相吻合,说明了该测量方法及变形重构算法的有效性。The deformation of gantry structure on machine tool will seriously affect the machining precision of workpiece,so it is important to detect this deformation in real time.First of all,gantry structure in fixed beam on a heavy CNC machine tool was simplified as a physical model of the three fold statically indeterminate continuous beam,and the theoretical deformation of the structure under different working conditions was obtained based on the classical material mechanics theory.Then,according to the force characteristics and finite analysis using ANSYS of the gantry structure,a real strain measurement method based on a distributed optical fiber grating sensors was proposed.Moreover,a deformation reconstruction algorithm was also established and a model for computing from discrete strain to continuous deformation was presented using this algorithm.Finally,a test bench for measuring the deformation of gantry structure was built based on FBG,and various deformation features were obtained by the proposed reconstruction algorithm under different conditions including different loads and different loading positions.The experimental results are similar with the theoretical results,which show the correctness of the measuring method and the reconstruction algorithm.

关 键 词：光纤光栅传感器 龙门结构 变形重构 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG502.15[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]