论智能武器法律挑战的伦理应对——“道德准则嵌入”方案的合法性探讨  

On the Ethical Response to the Legal Challenge of Intelligent Weapons: A Discussion on the Legality of the “Ethical Standards Embedding” Program

作　　者：陈聪 CHEN Cong

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第5期63-71,共9页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“临近空间性质地位的法律立场研究”(批准号:16CGJ021)

摘　　要：自美军提出第三次抵消战略以来,一直将智能技术作为其军事上的优先发展方向。智能武器的飞速发展在推动军事变革的同时,也对传统的军事行动合法性的判断带来了根本性的挑战。对智能武器来说,其所面临的主要国际法障碍就是攻击行为的人道主义考量问题。“道德准则嵌入”成为一种可能的伦理解决方案。通过代码编写的算法,将国际通行的武装冲突规则数字化为逻辑指令,使人类所倡导的人道主义规范得以内嵌于智能武器中,帮助智能武器具有自主伦理抉择能力。但这只是一种符合规范伦理学的安排,离不开置于军事活动的开放性情境中进行实践伦理考量,也离不开国际法角度的合法性审视。智能武器的“道德准则嵌入”不能局限于伦理算法的设定,而须引入人类战士的伦理判断,坚持人的主导作用。Since the US military proposed the Third Offset Strategy,smart technology has always been the military s priority development direction. The rapid development of smart weapons has brought about a fundamental challenge to the judgment of the legitimacy of traditional military operations while promoting military changes. Embedding humanitarian-related ethical codes within smart weapons has become a possible ethical attempt. Through the algorithm written by codes,the internationally accepted rules of armed conflicts are digitized into logical instructions,so that the humanitarian norms advocated by human beings can be embedded in smart weapons,helping intelligent weapons be equipped with the ability of independent ethical choice and can be guarded like human soldiers to observe the norms of armed conflicts. From the perspective of the international law,the embedding of moral code provides a limited possibility for smart weapons to become legal weapons,but it cannot fundamentally ensure that the specific actions of smart weapons are necessarily legal. The “moral code embedding” of smart weapons cannot be limited to the setting of ethical algorithms,but must introduce the ethical judgments of human soldiers and adhere to the leading role of human beings.

关 键 词：智能武器 道德准则嵌入 伦理应对 法律审查 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]