玉米鲜秸秆覆盖旱地冬小麦拔节前土壤温度效应  

Soil Temperature Effect before Jointing of Winter Wheat in Dry Land Covered by Maize Fresh Straw

作　　者：李岩华[1] 闫金龙[1] 霍成斌[1] 冯丽云[1] LI Yanhua;YAN Jinlong;HUO Chengbin;FENG Liyun(Institute of Millet,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changzhi 046011,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院谷子研究所

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第6期998-1001,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20100311001-2);山西省农业科学院特色农业创新项目(YGG17022)

摘　　要：为了探明秸秆覆盖技术在旱地小麦生产应用中存在的一些问题,开展了不同量玉米鲜秸秆(高(HM)、中(MM)、低(LM)、无(CK))覆盖的田间试验,以研究旱地冬小麦不同生育期秸秆覆盖的土壤温度效应。结果表明,不同秸秆覆盖量在土壤中垂直传递的平均温度大小表现为:分蘖期、越冬期HM>MM>LM>CK,0~30cm土壤温度随着土层的加深而逐渐升高;返青期HM<MM<LM<CK,0~30cm土壤温度随着土层的加深而逐渐降低。不同秸秆覆盖量土壤平均温度的日变化特征表现为:分蘖期、越冬期HM>MM>LM>CK,返青期HM<MM<LM<CK,其中,分蘖期表现为低温高温、高温低温;越冬期主要以增温为主,秸秆覆盖的土壤温度始终高于无覆盖处理;返青期主要以降温为主,秸秆覆盖处理的土壤温度始终低于无覆盖处理;各处理最低、最高土壤温度分别出现在8:00和14:00,其中,在8:00时,与无覆盖处理相比,分蘖期、越冬期秸秆覆盖处理温度增高,返青期则为温度降低;在14:00时,分蘖期、返青期秸秆覆盖处理较无覆盖处理温度降低,越冬期则温度增高,增温或降温程度与覆盖量成正比。To find out some problems exisiting in the application of straw mulching technology in dryland winter wheat production,the field experiments of different amount of fresh corn straw(the high(HM),medium(MM),low(LM) and nothing(CK) quantity) mulching were carried out,to study on soil temperature effect of straw mulch at different growth stages of dryland winter wheat.The results showed that the average temperature of vertical transfer of different straw mulch in soil was HM>MM>LM>CK in tillering and overwintering period,the soil temperature of 0-30 cm rose with the deepening of soil layer.The average temperature in soil was HM<MM<LM<CK in returning green period,the soil temperature of 0-30 cm decreased with the deepening of soil layer.The diurnal variation characteristics of soil average temperature under different straw mulches were as follows,HM>MM>LM>CK in tillering period and overwintering period,HM<MM<LM<CK in returning green period,respectively.Among them,the tillering stage was characterized by low temperature and high temperature,high temperature and low temperature.Overwintering period was dominated by warming,and the soil temperature under straw mulching was always higher than that under no mulching treatment.Cooling was the main method in returning green period,and during returning green period,the temperature of soil in straw mulching treatment was always lower than that in uncovering treatment.The temperature was the lowest at 8:00 and the highest at 14:00.At 8:00,compared with the without mulch treatment,the temperature of straw mulching treatment was higher at tillering stage and overwintering stage,while it was lower at returning green period.At 14:00,compared with the without mulch treatment,the temperature of straw mulching treatment at tillering stage and returning green period were lower,while it increased during overwintering period,and the degree of increase or decrease in temperature was proportional to the amount of mulching.

关 键 词：玉米鲜秸秆 冬小麦 覆盖 土壤温度 生育期 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S152.8