运城市苹果主产区丰产果园土壤养分状况分析  

Study on the State of Soil Nutrient of High-yield Apple Orchards in the Major Production Area of Yuncheng

作　　者：袁嘉玮 张健 薛琴琴 张鹏飞 张战备 王玉香 段国琪 杨印斌 梁哲军 YUAN Jiawei;ZHANG Jian;XUE Qinqin;ZHANG Pengfei;ZHANG Zhanbei;WANG Yuxiang;DUAN Guoqi;YANG Yinbin;LIANG Zhejun(Institute of Cotton,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuncheng 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院棉花研究所

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第6期1034-1039,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省农业科学院创新项目(YCX2017D2308,YCX2017D2309);山西省农业科学院引领工程项目(2018CYYL-03)

摘　　要：为探明运城市苹果主产区果园土壤养分状况,以运城市不同县域、不同海拔、不同树龄的盛果期果园土壤为研究对象,测定0~40cm土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量以及pH水平。结果表明,运城市主产果园氮含量总体偏低,磷、钾含量丰富,土壤偏碱性;不同县域、不同海拔高度、不同树龄的果园土壤养分状况之间存在显著差异,其中,临猗县果园氮、磷、钾含量显著低于万荣、芮城和平陆县域;海拔高度在700~850m的果园氮含量显著高于700m以下的果园,海拔高度在550~700m的果园与树龄少于10a的果园中有效磷平均值含量较高,不同海拔高度的速效钾含量差异不显著;不同县域及不同海拔主产果园土壤有机质含量存在差异,总体表现为平陆县有机质含量显著高于万荣、芮城和临猗县域,海拔高度在700~850m的果园有机质含量显著高于700m以下的果园,但平陆县及海拔高度在700~850m果园的有机质含量平均值均未达到绿色食品产地土壤肥力分级Ⅱ级标准。运城市主产果园土壤管理过程中应注重有机肥的施用,提高土壤有机质含量,降低土壤pH值,平衡使用化肥。To study the difference of soil nutrient distribution characteristic in the major apple production areas of Yuncheng,this paper took full fruit period orchards soil in different counties,altitude and tree-ages as research objects,respectively,and analyzed organic matters,nutrient elements (N,P,K) and pH in 0-40 cm depths soil layer.The result showed that the content of N was low,while the contents of P and K were high in Yuncheng apple plantations generally.There were significant differences in soil nutrient status among different counties,altitudes and tree-ages.The contents of N,P and K in orchards of Linyi were significantly lower than Wanrong,Ruicheng and Pinglu,the contects of N in orchard at altitudes between 700-850 m were apparently higher than other orchard below 700 m,the average mean of available P in orchard at 550-700 m were higher than other orchard.There was no significant difference in available K contents at different altitudes.Soil organic matters were different under different counties and altitudes,the general results showed that the organic matter contents in Pinglu were higher than Wanrong,Ruicheng and Linyi,and 700-850 m orchard at altitudes was higher than other orchard below 700 m,however,the mean value of organic matter contents of both didnt reach the grade Ⅱstandard of soil fertility of green-fruit production area.The apple orchard soil and fertilizer management in Yuncheng should pay more attention on increasing organic fertilizer and organic matter of soil,reduce soil pH value,balance the use of fertilizer.

关 键 词：苹果 土壤养分 果园 运城 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]