胫骨平台骨折手术的相关血管神经解剖研究  

Anatomical study of blood vessels and nerves related to the operation of tibial plateau fractures

作　　者：卢兴浩[1] 李文娟[2] 朱学仓 夏娟娟 韩江雪 郭凯琦 谷雨 LU Xing-hao(Department of Anatomy,Bengbu Medical University,Key Laboratory of Organize Transplantation of Anhui Province,Bengbu 233030,China)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠医学院人体解剖学教研室组织移植安徽省重点实验室 [2]蚌埠市第三人民医院急诊科 [3]蚌埠医学院临床医学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《牡丹江医学院学报》2019年第3期9-10,18,共3页Journal of Mudanjiang Medical University

基　　金：蚌埠医学院自然科学基金面上项目(BYKY1655)

摘　　要：目的 用解剖学方法对人膝关节腘窝处动脉分布进行观测和测量,为手术过程避免损伤提供解剖学依据。方法 随机挑选31具经甲醛固定的遗体标本,解剖分离膝关节的动脉来源。以髌骨下极为水平线,以股骨下端外侧髁最宽处为垂直线测量动脉起始处在垂直和水平方向的距离,以及胫神经、腘动脉及腘静脉距离皮肤的距离。结果 左腘窝膝上外、内侧动脉起始处的垂直距离为(44.44±2.47)mm、(50.09±2.99)mm,右侧是(47.76±1.64)mm、(51.10±1.25)mm,左水平距离是(54.39±5.30)mm、(61.72±6.78)mm,右水平距离是(59.60±7.06)mm、(64.75±6.89)mm;左膝下外、内侧动脉起始处的垂直距离为(46.64±3.74)mm、(45.09±3.73)mm,右侧是(46.86±1.38)mm、(54.34±2.87)mm,左水平距离为(19.04±2.50)mm、(18.92±3.26mm),右侧是(7.89±2.51)mm、(9.00±3.41)mm;胫神经距离皮肤最表浅,左侧(13.70±2.00)mm右侧是(17.38±1.52)mm。结论 在选择腘窝处手术切口时以髌骨下极为水平线,以股骨下端外侧髁最宽处为垂直线测量判断血管的距离可以减少损伤。Objective To observe and measure the distribution of the artery in the popliteal fossa of knee joint by anatomical method. Methods 31 adult cadavers remains immobilized by formaldehyde were randomly selected and the artery was dissected.Measure artery initial vertical dimension,horizontal distance and tibial nerve popliteal artery popliteal vein distance from skin. Results The vertical distance of left lateral superior genicular artery and left medial superior genicular artery respectively were(44.44 ± 2.47)mm,(50.09 ± 2.99)mm.The right knee were(47.76 ± 1.64)mm,(51.10 ± 1.25)mm,and the left horizontal distance were(54.39 ± 5.30)mm.(61.72 ± 6.78)mm;The right horizontal distance were(59.60 ± 7.06)mm,(64.75 ± 6.89)mm;The vertical distance of left lateral inferior genicular artery and left medial inferior genicular artery respectively were(46.64 ± 3.74)mm,(45.09 ± 3.73)mm.The right knee were(46.86±1.38mm,(54.34 ± 2.87)mm and the left horizontal distance were(19.04 ± 2.50 mm,(18.92 ± 3.26)mm.The right horizontal distance were(7.89±2.51)mm,(9.00 ± 3.41)mm,the shallowest nerve is tibial nerve,the distance from the skin,the right was(13.70 ± 2.00)mm,the left was(17.38 ± 1.52)mm. Conclusion When choosing the incision in the popliteal fossa,understanding of patellar lower pole and lateral condyle of femur can reduce the damage.

关 键 词：腘窝 胫骨平台 动脉 神经 

分 类 号：R322.33[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]