冀北山区天然林黑桦木材解剖特性的径向变异  

Radial Variations of Anatomical Properties of Natural Betula davurica Wood in Northern Hebei Mountainous Areas

作　　者：唐爽[1] 孙照斌[1] 马长明[1] 李永宁[1] 曹亚静 TANG Shuang;SUN Zhao-bin;MA Chang-ming;LI Yong-ning;CAO Ya-Jing(College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2019年第3期174-179,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家“十三五”科技支撑计划项目(2016YFD0600020303)

摘　　要：探究冀北山区天然林黑桦木材材质,为天然林黑桦木材的培育与加工利用提供理论依据。选取阴坡和半阴坡长势良好的林木作为研究对象,借助光学显微镜和计算机显微图像分析系统,通过离析法、拉线法和切片法对冀北山区2种坡向50年生天然林黑桦木材胸径处圆盘解剖特性进行测定和分析。结果表明:1)阴坡黑桦纤维长度、宽度、长宽比、壁腔比均值分别为1607.86、24.74μm和64.87、0.69,半阴坡黑桦纤维长度、宽度、长宽比、壁腔比均值分别为1782.69、25.91μm和68.75、0.70;不同坡向天然林黑桦木材纤维长度、宽度和长宽比由髓心向树皮方向的径向变异趋势为初始迅速增大,随后趋于稳定;纤维壁腔比自髓心向树皮方向呈波浪式变化,且略有增大的趋势。2)阴坡黑桦木射线比量、导管比量、纤维比量均值分别为16.80%、18.93%、64.27%,半阴坡木射线比量、导管比量、纤维比量均值分别为15.37%、18.96%、68.72%;由髓心向外,组织比量等指标基本在一条水平线上波动,变异规律较差。3)黑桦木材2种坡向间纤维长度和纤维长宽比差异显著,其他指标差异不显著。The objectives of this study were to understand the wood quality of Betula davurica occurring in the natural forests in mountainous area of northern Hebei,and to provide a theoretical basis for the processing and utilization.Fifty-year-old Betula davurica trees growing in shady and half-shady slopes were harvested from the natural forests to study the anatomical characteristics of the woods at DBH aided by optical microscope couple with microscopic image analysis system.The isolation,line and section methods were adopted.The results showed that 1) the average values of fiber length and width were 1 607.86 and 24.74 μm,respectively.The length width ratio and fiber double wall thickness-diameter ratio of the woods from shady slope were 64.87 and 0.69,respectively.From the half shady slope,the average values of fiber length,width,were 1 782.69 and 25.91 μm,respectively,and the length width ratio and fiber double wall thickness-diameter ratio were 68.75 and 0.70,respectively.The radial variation trends of wood fiber length,fiber width and fiber length-width ratio in two different slopes increased rapidly first,and then tended to increase steadily from the direction of pith to bark.The fiber double wall thickness-diameter ratio increased or decreased in the radial direction,with the overall trend of increase.2) The values of wood ray proportion,vessel proportion,and fiber proportion were 16.80%,18.93%,64.27%,respectively,in shady slope,and in half shady slope,they were 15.37%,18.96%,68.72%,respectively.The tissue proportion index from pith outward in a horizontal line fluctuation variation was not regular.3) There were significant differences in the wood fiber length between two slopes,no differences were found in other indices.

关 键 词：黑桦 天然林 木材 解剖特征 径向变异 

分 类 号：S781.3[农业科学—木材科学与技术]