中小学生近视相关健康信念与户外活动的相关性研究  

Correlation between myopia related health beliefs and outdoor activities among primary and middle school students

作　　者：王丽蒙 王向东[1] 史慧静 WANG Li-Meng;WANG Xiang-dong;SHI Hui-jing(Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200072,China;Department of Maternal,Child and Adolescent Health,School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市静安区疾病预防控制中心,上海200072 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院妇幼与儿少卫生教研室,上海200032

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2019年第5期344-348,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市眼病防治中心第三轮人才培养项目(15GWZK0601-QJN16)

摘　　要：【目的】了解上海市静安区中小学生近视相关健康信念因素及其户外活动情况的相关性,为增加户外活动和预防近视,提供健康宣教相关政策建议。【方法】采用整群抽样的方法选取区内一所小学、一所初中一年级至八年级1585名学生进行问卷调查,分析近视相关健康信念因素持有情况、户外活动情况及两者的相关性。【结果】18.8%~44.4%的学生具备近视相关的易感性信念,且随着年级上升而上升,51.5%~78%的学生具备近视相关严重性信念,39.3%~55.6%的学生具备近视相关的威胁性信念,48.7%~77.5%的学生具备预防近视相关的自我效能,均随年级上升而下降。不足11%的学生户外活动时长可达2小时/天,近视相关易感性信念、严重性信念、威胁性信念均对学生户外活动情况有影响。【结论】应通过加强学生近视易感性、威胁性、严重性、预防近视自我效能的相关认知,改善学生户外活动情况,从而预防近视的发生发展。[Objective]By understanding myopia related health beliefs correlated to outdoor activities among primary and middle school students in Jing′an district of Shanghai,this paper provides the basis for increasing outdoor activities to prevent myopia and offers health education related policy suggestions.[Methods]Using the method of cluster sampling,1 585 students from grade one to grade two of a primary school and a junior high school in the district were selected for a questionnaire survey to analyze the holding of myopia related health belief factors,outdoor activities and the correlation between them.[Results]18.8%to 44.4%of the students had myopia relevant susceptibility to faith,which rose as their grade rose;51.5%to 78%of the students had myopia relevant severity belief;39.3%to 55.6%of the students had myopia relevant threatening faith,which rose as their grade rose;48.7%to 77.5%of the students had self-efficacy related to prevention of myopia,which fell as their grade rose.Less than 11%of students spent up to 2 hours/day on outdoor activities.Myopia related susceptibility belief,severity belief and threatening belief all had influence on students′outdoor activities.[Conclusion]Therefore it is necessary to strengthen the cognition related to the susceptibility,threat,severity and self-efficacy of myopia to improve the outdoor activities of students,so as to prevent the occurrence and development of myopia among them.

关 键 词：健康信念模式 户外活动 近视 学生 

分 类 号：R339.31[医药卫生—人体生理学]