基于生理生态指标的玉米受旱胁迫响应规律研究  

The Response Regularity of Maize under Drought Stress Based on Physiological Indexes

作　　者：袁宏伟[1,2] 蒋尚明 杨继伟[1,2] 刘佳 YUAN Hong-wei;JIANG Shang-ming;YANG Ji-wei;LIU Jia(Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province,Bengbu 233000,Anhui Province,China;Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Commission,Ministry of Water Resources,Bengbu 233000,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院,安徽蚌埠233000 [2]水利水资源安徽省重点实验室,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第5期5-10,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301301);国家自然科学基金项目(51409002,71273081)

摘　　要：基于安徽省新马桥农水综合试验站内有底测坑玉米受旱胁迫专项试验数据,研究分析了干旱胁迫对玉米植株生长发育的影响及其响应规律。结果表明,干旱会影响玉米光合作用的各项指标,而光合性能的变化会影响玉米株高和叶面积的生长发育;玉米营养生长中前期,作物处于快速生长期,对水分胁迫的适应机能更强,适度轻微的受旱胁迫解除后玉米可迅速恢复正常生长,其后的生长发育反而会优于未受旱作物;同等受旱胁迫程度下,玉米营养生长后期及生殖生长阶段对水分亏缺的响应更为敏感,受旱更容易造成玉米植株永久损伤并导致减产。为提高玉米全生育期内的水分利用率实现高效节水并保障稳产,认为玉米营养生长中前期可适度缺水实施非充分灌溉,而营养生长后期及生殖生长阶段则需实施充分灌溉。The effects of drought stress on maize growth and development and its response to drought stress were studied based on the special test data of maize under drought stress in Xinmaqiao agricultural water comprehensive test station in Anhui province.The results showed that drought affected various indexes of maize photosynthesis,and the change of photosynthesis affected the growth and development of maize plant height and leaf area.In the early and middle stage of maize nutritional growth,the crops were in the rapid growth stage and had stronger adaptive function to water stress.After the relieving of moderate and slight drought stress,maize could quickly return to normal growth,and its subsequent growth and development would be better than that of crops without drought stress.Under the same degree of drought stress,the response of later vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage of maize was more sensitive to water deficit,which was more likely to cause permanent damage to maize plants and lead to yield reduction.In order to improve the water utilization rate of maize during the whole growth period,achieve efficient water saving and ensure stable yield,this paper proposes that inadequate irrigation can be implemented for moderate water shortage in the early stage of maize vegetative growth,while adequate irrigation should be implemented in the later stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth.

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 光合特性 干旱胁迫响应规律 玉米 

分 类 号：S276.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]