铅与镉胁迫对桫椤科笔筒树精子行为和形态的影响  

Influence of Lead and Cadmium Stress on Sperm’s Behavior and Morphology of Sphaeropteris lepifera (Cyatheaceae)

作　　者：张雪[1] 向建英[2] 肖湘 纪善博 刘保东[1,3] ZHANG Xue;XIANG Jianying;XIAO Xiang;JI Shanbo;LIU Baodong(Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China;Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Kunming 650224, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150025, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,哈尔滨150025 [2]西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院,昆明650224 [3]黑龙江省普通高等学校植物生物学重点实验室,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2019年第5期776-783,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31770350);云南省环境保护专项(215025)

摘　　要：中国桫椤科植物部分居群近年来出现了较大面积的病害和幼苗不足等问题,为探究幼苗不足与土壤重金属污染的关系,该研究在观察笔筒树[Sphaeropteris lepifera(Hook.)R.M.Tryon]精子正常行为形态的基础上,首次研究了铅与镉重金属胁迫下笔筒树精子受害的行为和形态变化规律。结果表明:(1)在铅浓度为1.25、5.00mg·kg^-1,镉浓度为0.25、1.00mg·kg^-1的胁迫培养条件下,笔筒树精子的寿命、游动位移速度、自转频率与对照组相比均显著下降。(2)铅离子会影响笔筒树精子的运动能力,镉离子影响精子对雌性物质浓度的辨别能力而使精子迷失方向。(3)重金属胁迫后精子形态和行为出现的变化包括精子伸展受限,鞭毛收缩、脱落,精核畸形、肿胀、降解,精子相互粘连、逆向运动及自溶解体等,且铅与镉胁迫后精子的畸形类型具有差异性。研究证明,轻污染浓度的铅与镉单一胁迫会显著影响笔筒树精子的行为和形态,严重阻断桫椤科植物的有性生殖。In recent years, some populations of Cyatheaceae plants in China have suffered from large-scale diseases and insufficient seedlings. To explore whether seedling shortage is related to soil pollution, in this study, based on the successful observation of the normal behavior and morphological of Cyatheaceae Sphaeropteris lepifera sperm, we studied the behavior and morphological change regulations of S. lepifera sperm under the stress of lead and cadmium for the first time. The results showed that:(1) Under the stress culture conditions with Pb^2+ concentrations of 1.25, 5.00 mg·kg^-1 and Cd^2+ concentrations of 0.25 , 1.00 mg·kg^-1 , the life span, swimming displacement velocity and rotation frequency of the sperm of S. lepifera decreased significantly compared with the control group.(2) Pb 2+ would affect the motility of the sperm of S. lepifera , while Cd^2+ would affect the ability of the sperm to distinguish the concentration of female substance and makes sperm lose its direction.(3) The changes of sperm s morphology and behavior after heavy metal stress include limitation of sperm extension, flagellum contraction and abscission, sperm nucleus deformity, swelling, degradation, sperm mutual adhesion, reverse movement and autolysis. And the malformation types of sperm under lead or cadmium stress were different. It is proved that the single stress of lead and cadmium with low pollution concentration can significantly affect the behavior and morphology of the sperm of S. lepifera and seriously block the sexual reproduction of Cyatheaceae.

关 键 词：桫椤科植物 精子 重金属胁迫 生殖 

分 类 号：Q343.24[生物学—遗传学] Q945.6