居间人损害赔偿责任的司法认定——兼论民法典编撰中对《合同法》第425条规范漏洞的填补  

Judicial Determination of Liability for Brokerage Damages Compensation——And the Theory of Filling Loopholes in Article 425 of the Contract Law by Way of Civil Code Legislation

作　　者：郭泽喆 GUO Ze-zhe(People s Court Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, Xiamen,Fujian 361000, China)

机构地区：[1]福建省厦门市思明区人民法院

出　　处：《时代法学》2019年第3期69-79,共11页Presentday Law Science

摘　　要：从比较法视角,在《合同法》分则专门规定居间人损害赔偿责任是我国民事立法的独特创制。由于缺乏可资继受的理论、学说与立法乖离,适用《合同法》第425条认定责任性质、责任来源、责任限度,以及理解居间人损害赔偿责任与居间报酬丧失的关系面临障碍。《合同法》第425条呈现法律漏洞特征,司法实践中可运用法律解释技术应对,解释应以有效规制不法居间行为、充分救济委托人利益为主要考量。具体而言,应认为居间人损害赔偿责任属违约责任性质,居间报酬求偿权丧失解释为居间人损害赔偿责任的预备,居间人损害赔偿责任义务来源解释为广义忠实义务,条文中“如实报告”理解为履行义务的表征,从而确立“居间人具有未如实报告情形的违反广义忠实义务的行为”为责任要件。居间人损害赔偿范围及于委托人在居间所促成交易中的损失,若损害虽由交易相对人直接造成,但居间人违反义务亦是不可或缺的原因,则居间人按过错程度承担补充责任。建议在当前民法典合同编的编撰中,按照上述对《合同法》第425条的理解与适用思路对居间人损害赔偿制度加以改造和完善。From the perspective of comparative law, it is a unique creation of China s civil legislation to stipulate the compensation responsibility for brokerage damages in the sub-provisions of the Contract Law. Due to the lack of inheriting theories and the separation between theories and legislation, it is faced with obstacles to identify the source, nature and limit of responsibility in the process of legal application of article 425 of the Contract Law, and to understand the relationship between the compensation responsibility for brokerage damages and the loss of brokerage remuneration.Article 425 of the Contract Law presents the characteristics of legal loopholes, which should be filled by legal interpretation technology in judicial practice. The interpretation should take effective regulation of illegal brokerage acts and adequate relief of the interests of the client as the main consideration. To be specific, it should be considered that the compensation responsibility for brokerage damages belongs to liability for breach of contract, and the loss of brokerage remuneration is interpreted as the preparation for the compensation responsibility for brokerage damages.The obligation source of compensation for brokerage damages responsibility is interpreted as the generalized obligation of loyalty, and the “truthful report” in the provisions is understood as the representation of the performance of the obligation, so as to establish that “the broker violates the generalized obligation of loyalty by misreporting the situation” as the responsibility legal requiremen.The scope of compensation for brokerage damages responsibility includs the loss caused by the client in the transaction facilitated by the broker, if the damage is jointly caused by the broker and the other party of the transaction, the broker shall bear the supplementary liability.It is suggested that the compensation responsibility for brokerage damages system should be reformed and improved according to the above understanding and application of ar

关 键 词：《合同法》第425条 居间 损害赔偿 法律漏洞 民法典 

分 类 号：DF525[政治法律—民商法学]