企业出口行为的就业波动效应研究:基于中国工业企业的经验  

Study on the Employment Fluctuation Effect of Export Behavior: Based on the Chinese Industrial Enterprises

作　　者：罗明津 靳玉英[2] Luo Mingjin;Jin Yuying

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际发展合作研究院 [2]上海财经大学商学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2019年第5期27-40,M0002,共15页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"垂直专业化分工视角下逆全球化的波及效应与应对策略研究"(项目编号:18CJY045)资助

摘　　要：就业的稳定是中国经济与贸易结构转型升级的约束条件之一。文章将海关数据库与工业企业数据库匹配得到2000～2007年的企业样本,试图从企业这一微观角度探讨中国出口对就业波动的作用及机制。研究发现,相比纯内销企业,有出口行为的企业面临更高的就业波动率。企业出口强度对就业波动的作用呈现先降后升的"U型"影响。基于产品要素类型、贸易方式及所有制类型的分样本检验发现出口对不同特征企业的就业波动存在非均衡性的影响。此外,文章还发现企业出口产品及市场的多元化经营能够显著降低出口行为对该企业就业波动的影响。The stability of employment is one of the constraints on China's economic and trade structure transformation and upgradation. By using China's Industrial Enterprise Database and highly disaggregated Chinese export data ranging from 2000~2007, this paper examines the effect of firms' export exposure on employment volatility at the firm-level. The empirical tests find that the firms with export behavior averagely have higher employment volatility than pure domestic enterprises. Besides, the impact of export intensity on firms, employment volatility is shaved as" U" shape. Further, this paper finds exports have unbalanced effects on the employment volatility for heterogeneous enterprises with different types of factor intensity, trade mode and ownership. Finally, we find that export diversification of destination and products helps to reduce the positive effect of export on the employment volatility. The results of this paper have some implications for the trade and industrial policy from the perspective of employment Stability.

关 键 词：出口企业 内销企业 出口强度 就业波动 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.2[经济管理—产业经济] F425