主体性的追寻:一个专业乒乓球运动员群体的自我民族志  

The Pursuit of Subjectivity: the auto-ethnography of a Group of Professional Table Tennis Players

作　　者：杨磊 杨海晨[1] YANG Lei;YANG Haichen(College of Physical Science Educaiton ,Fujian Normal University ,Fuzhou 350108,China;Departmentof P.E.,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福州350108 [2]福建中医药大学体育部,福州350108

出　　处：《体育与科学》2019年第3期11-22,共12页Sports & Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上项目《体育人类学民族志研究》阶段性成果,项目号:2015M570636

摘　　要：多数学者认为运动员缺乏"主体性",是被国家征用的个体。也有学者认为运动员的行动是在家庭、社会及国家的"误识"下形成的"合谋"。鉴于这些观点均产自于客位的、截面的视角,笔者希望从"我们"这一专业乒乓球运动员群体主位的、过程性的视角出发,用自我民族志讲故事方式重新审视前人观点。基于民族志叙事发现,运动员所呈现出的"主体性"是一个动态的变化过程,其学术认识进路是"被家庭和社会做主的个体-权力文化网络下的主体性提升-象征资本下的反向征用"。运动员主体性的动态变化,实质是中国社会愈益开放和民众追求自我实现共同作用的结果。这一结论的得出,不仅适合于阐释改革开放以来乒乓球运动员个体与国家的关系,放在其他项目的运动员身上也同样具有一定的解释效度。Most scholars believe that athletes lack "subjectivity" and are individuals who are expropriated by the state. There are also some scholars who believe that athletes’ actions are "collusion" formed under the "misrecognition" of family, society and country. In view of the fact that these views are generated from the perspective of the observer(etic) and cross-sectional, the author hopes to re-examine the predecessors’ views with the auto-ethnographic storytelling approach from the perspective of "we"- the emic and procedural perspective of a group of professional table tennis players. Based on the ethnographic narration, it is found that the "subjectivity" presented by athletes is a dynamic change process, and its academic cognition approach is "individuals dominated by family and society - the enhancement of subjectivity under the power-cultural network - the reverse expropriation under symbolic capital". The dynamic change of athletes’ subjectivity is the result of increasing openness of Chinese society and people’s pursuit of self-realization in essence. This conclusion is not only applicable to explaining the relationship between individual table tennis player and the country since the reform and opening up, but also has certain explanatory validity in players of other sports.

关 键 词：主体性 个体 时代 国家 专业乒乓球运动员群体 

分 类 号：G80[文化科学—运动人体科学]