间作小麦对西瓜生长及根际土壤酶和微生物的影响  

Effects of intercropping with wheat on watermelon growth, soil enzyme activity and microorganism in rhizosphere

作　　者：吕慧芳 别之龙[1] Lü Huifang;BIE Zhilong(College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hebei,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Chizhou University,Chizhou 247000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]池州学院资源环境学院,安徽池州247000

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2019年第6期32-37,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家西甜瓜产业技术体系项目(CARS-26-16)

摘　　要：合理的间作可以有效缓解西瓜连作障碍问题,有利于西瓜生产的可持续发展。为了探讨西瓜与小麦间作对西瓜生长的影响,釆用盆栽基质模拟连作土壤,设置小麦和西瓜根系的不同分隔方式(西瓜和小麦根系间作不分隔、用尼龙网分隔、用塑料膜分隔,单种西瓜为对照,),研究不同分隔方式下间作小麦对西瓜根际土壤生物学性状的影响,西瓜定植前接入西瓜专化型尖抱镰刀菌。结果表明,西瓜与小麦根系不分隔处理和用尼龙网分隔处理下西瓜植株的生理参数(叶绿素含量、根系活力、叶片SOD和CAT活性)、土壤酶活性(蔗糖酶和磷酸酶)、土壤细菌的数量,均优于对照和用塑料膜分隔处理;另一方面,西瓜与小麦根系不分隔处理和用尼龙网分隔处理下西瓜植株POD活性、MDA含量、土壤真菌和尖抱镰刀菌的数量均低于对照和用塑料膜分隔处理;但西瓜和小麦根系不同分隔处理和对照处理西瓜植株的生物量(株高和干质量)和土壤放线菌的数量无显著差异。综上,小麦与西瓜间作能增强西瓜植株的生理抗性,提高西瓜根际土壤酶活性,改善根际微生物种群结构。Appropriate intercropping could effectively solve the obstacle of continuous cropping of watennelon,it is bene ficial to the sustainable development of watermelon.To explore the effect of intercropping wheat on growth of watermelon,pot substrates as simulation of continuous cropping soils were conducted to investigate the effects of wheat intercropping on soil biological characteristics in the rhizosphere of watermelon in four different root separation treatments (watermelon monoculture CK,watermelon and wheat intercropping non separation,watermelon and wheat intercropping with mesh separation,and watermelon and wheat intercropping with film separation).Pot substrates were inoculated with FON spores before watermelon transplanting.The results showed that watermelon and wheat roots non separation and mesh separation treatments on watermelon plants physiological characteristics (chlorophyll content,root vigor,leaf SOD and CAT activities),soil enzyme activities (sucrase and phosphatase) and soil bacteria number were superior to the watermelon monoculture (CK),watermelon and wheat roots with film separation (FS) treatments.On the other hand,watermelon and wheat roots non separation and mesh separation treatments on watermelon plants POD activity,MDA content,soil fungi and Fusariu oxysporum f.sp.niveum number were lower than the watermelon monoculture (CK),watermelon and wheat roots with film separation (FS).However,no significant differences were found on watermelon plants biomass (plant height and dry weight)and soil actinomycetes number between different treatments.In conclusion,wheat and watermelon intercropping enhanced the physiological resistance of watermelon plant and improved soil enzyme activity,microbial population structure in the rhizosphere of watermelon.

关 键 词：西瓜 小麦 间作 抗氧化酶 土壤酶 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学] S512.1[农业科学—园艺学] S154