冲绳海槽热液区可培养硫氧化细菌多样性及其硫氧化特性  

Diversity and sulfur oxidation characteristics of cultivable sulfur oxidizing bacteria in hydrothermal fields of Okinawa Trough

作　　者：杜瑞 于敏[1,2] 程景广 张静静 田晓荣 张晓华 Rui Du;Min Yu;Jingguang Cheng;Jingjing Zhang;Tian Xiaorong;Zhang Xiaohua(College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,Shandong Province,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《微生物学报》2019年第6期1036-1049,共14页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0601303,2018YFC0310701);国家自然科学基金(U1706208)~~

摘　　要：冲绳海槽热液区独特的地质环境孕育了特殊的生物群落,硫氧化细菌作为生物地球化学循环的重要参与者在热液生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。【目的】通过硫氧化菌株的分离培养揭示冲绳海槽热液区可培养硫氧化细菌的多样性和硫氧化活性。【方法】采用多种培养基对冲绳海槽热液区不同沉积物样品中的硫氧化细菌进行富集培养和分离纯化;利用16S rRNA基因序列确定硫氧化细菌的分类地位并进行系统发育分析;采用碘量法对典型硫氧化菌株硫氧化活性进行检测。【结果】本研究从冲绳海槽热液区样品中共分离鉴定85株硫氧化细菌,分属于α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、放线菌门和厚壁菌门,优势属为氢弧菌属(Hydrogenovibrio)、拉布伦氏菌属(Labrenzia)、深海海旋菌属(Thalassospira)和海杆状菌属(Marinobacter)。硫氧化活性检测结果表明,7株典型硫氧化菌株对硫代硫酸钠的降解活性介于31%–100%之间,其中泰坦尼克号盐单胞菌SOB56 (Halomonas titanicae SOB56)、南极海杆状菌SOB93(Marinobacter antarcticus SOB93)、印度硫氧化粗杆菌SOB107 (Thioclava indica SOB107)和嗜温氢弧菌CJG136 (Hydrogenovibrio thermophiles CJG136)可以完全降解硫代硫酸钠。【结论】冲绳海槽热液区可培养硫氧化细菌的多样性丰富,为研究该热液区的硫循环过程提供了实验材料和理论基础,多种硫氧化活性菌株的获得极大地丰富了菌种资源,为探究深海热液区硫循环的能量代谢途径和分子机制奠定基础。The unique geological environment in the hydrothermal fields of Okinawa Trough has formed special biological communities. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria play an important role in the hydrothermal ecosystem as a key participant in the biogeochemical cycle. [Objective] To study the diversity and sulfur oxidation activity of cultivable sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the hydrothermal fields of the Okinawa Trough. [Methods] Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in sediment samples from different sites in the hydrothermal fields of Okinawa Trough were enriched, cultured and isolated using different culture media. The 16 S rRNA sequence was used to identify sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and to carry out phylogenetic analysis. Sulfur oxidation activity was measured using the iodometric method. [Results] In total 85 strains of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated and identified, belonging to ?lphaproteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The dominant genera of culturable sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were Hydrogenovibrio, Labrenzia, Thalassospira and Marinobacter. Seven typical sulfur-oxidizing strains showed different degradation activity on sodium thiosulfate that ranged from 31% to 100%. Halomonas titanicae SOB56,Marinobacter antarcticus SOB93, Thioclava indica SOB107 and Hydrogenovibrio thermophiles CJG136 could completely degrade sodium thiosulfate. [Conclusion] The sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the hydrothermal fields of Okinawa Trough are abundant in diversity, providing experimental materials and theoretical basis for studying the sulfur cycle in hydrothermal regions. A variety of sulfur oxidizing strains have greatly enriched the bacterial species resources and laid the foundation for exploring the energy pathways and molecular mechanisms of sulfur cycle.

关 键 词：冲绳海槽热液区 硫氧化细菌 多样性 硫氧化活性 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]