乡关何处?——中国传统文化中死亡、灵魂与遗体处置的观念  

Where Is Home? The Ideas of Death, Soul and Body Disposal in Traditional Chinese Culture

作　　者：程国斌[1] Cheng Guobin

机构地区：[1]东南大学医学人文系

出　　处：《文化研究》2018年第4期70-88,共19页Cultural Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“明清江南地区医疗生活史研究”(13CZS063)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：当代中国人的遗体处置态度,是一个融合了多元文化观念的复合体。研究者多以中国传统文化尤其是儒家身体观来解释民众的态度,但没有对根植于民俗信仰中的“小传统”给予足够的关注。在中国帝制时代晚期成形的有关死亡、灵魂、丧葬仪式以及遗体处置的民俗信仰,可能是当代中国人遗体处置行为更重要的影响因素。本文简单梳理了中国传统文化中有关死亡和死后存在形态观念的历史演变,聚焦于中国前近代时期的死亡、遗体处置和殡葬仪式的社会规范与世俗信念,并将这种传统置于当代社会文化现象的背景中予以检验,探究中国人遗体处置行为的历史文化根源。The attitude towards the corpse disposal of contemporary Chinese is a fusion of multicultural values.The researchers mainly explain this attitude in the traditional Chinese culture, especially the Confucian body view, but do not pay enough attention to the “little tradition” rooted in folk beliefs.Actually, the folk beliefs about death, soul, funeral rites and the corpse disposal, which formed in late imperial China, may be a more important factor in the disposal of the remains in contemporary China.In this paper, the author first briefly sorts out the historical evolution of concepts of death and the form after death in traditional Chinese culture, then focuses on the social norms and secular beliefs of death, corpse disposal and funeral rites in the pre-modern period of China, and examines them in the context of contemporary social and cultural phenomena.Through all these,the author wants to explore the historical and cultural origin of the corpse disposal behavior in China.

关 键 词：中国传统文化 民俗信仰 丧葬仪式 遗体处置 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学] B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]