安理会授权使用武力:中国的政策和策略研究  

China's Policies and Strategies toward the UN Security Council's Authorization of the Use of Force

作　　者：李廷康 Li Tingkang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心,中国边界与海洋研究院

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2019年第2期115-142,7-8,共29页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"海外安全利益保护的中国模式研究"(项目编号:13AFX028);国家社科基金项目"联合国安理会授权使用武力机制的改革问题研究"(项目批准号:14BGJ029)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中国在安理会授权使用武力问题上的立场大致经历了冷战初期抵制、冷战结束初期有限参与和2008年以来谨慎参与三个阶段。在这一进程中,中国坚持其一贯的原则立场,即坚持和平解决国际争端原则、坚持以联合国为中心的多边主义方法、坚持遵守《联合国宪章》基本原则和相关国际法规则,以及坚持国家利益与国际社会共同利益相结合原则等。同时,中国也坚持灵活性策略,包括在安理会决策中对弃权票的合理运用、"逐案处理"的政治智慧和对危机处理手段的综合考量等。总体来看,中国在安理会授权使用武力中的政策和策略服从于中国总体对外战略和国家利益。但是,在观念认识、工具运用和制度塑造等方面,中国在安理会授权使用武力中的政策和策略仍有所不足。随着国际环境的发展变化、国家海外利益的持续扩展、综合国力的进一步提升,中国需要及时调整观念,适当运用安理会授权使用武力这一工具,继续提升在该问题上的话语权并推动完善该机制,以便更好地维护国家利益和国际社会共同利益。China’s policies toward the UN Security Council’s authorization of the use of force have gone through three stages,from the initial resistance during the early Cold War period to the limited participation after the end of the Cold War and to cautious participation since 2008.Throughout all three stages, China has consistently stood by four principles. They are peaceful settlement of international disputes,multilateral approach centered around the United Nations,observing basic principles of the UN Charter and other relevant international laws,and combining national interests with the common interests of the international community. In practice,China allows enough room for flexibility in tactics,including the use of abstention in voting at the UN Security Council,applying certain principles on a case-by-case basis,and comprehensive consideration of crisis-management methods. In general,China’s policies and strategies toward UN Security Council’s authorization of the use of force are subject to China’s national interests and its overall external strategy. This article suggests that China ’s policies and strategies are still inadequate in the areas of concept understanding,instrument utilizing,and institution shaping. As China continues to expand its interests overseas and grows its comprehensive national strengths,it needs to adjust its concept of the use of force and utilize wisely the UN Security Council ’s authorizations. This will enhance China’s voice in safeguarding its national interests as well as in improving the UN mechanism to promote the common interests of the international community.

关 键 词：中国政治与外交 安理会 外交政策 外交策略 授权使用武力 联合国集体安全机制 

分 类 号：D813.2[政治法律—国际关系]