抽穗期灌溉缓解水稻高温热害的微气象学分析  

Micrometeorological Analysis of Heat Stress Relieve by Irrigation in Rice at Heading Stage

作　　者：江晓东[1] 华梦飞 胡凝[1] 杨沈斌[1] 郭建茂[1] JIANG Xiao dong;HUA Meng fei;HU Ning;YANG Shen bin;GUO Jian mao(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluationof Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第6期1-5,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项经费(GYHY201506018);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41875140);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)项目(BE2015365)

摘　　要：为研究灌溉对水稻高温热害的防御效果,在南京以“两优培九”为研究对象,在抽穗期高温热害发生期间采用2种灌溉处理(T1,田间无水层覆盖;T2,田间保持10 cm水层)进行了田间试验,测定了稻田土壤和冠层温度,计算了稻田能量平衡各分量日变化。结果表明:在白天,T2处理可以降低水稻冠层的日最高气温、平均气温和稻田土壤温度,延后土温最大值出现时间1 h。灌溉主要影响了稻田的显热通量(H)和潜热通量(LE)交换,从而使冠层气温出现差异。T2处理 LE/Rn 比T1高9.71%, H/Rn 比T1低31.87%,表明水层覆盖下稻田潜热交换增加,显热交换降低,有利于田间蒸散散热,使冠层气温和土壤温度上升较T1缓慢。田间水层覆盖缓解了水稻抽穗期高温热害的危害。In order to study the effect of irrigation in alleviating heat stress in rice, rice variety(Oryza sativa L.), Liangyou Peijiu was adopted as the study objects at Nanjing, field trials were carried out through using two irrigation treatments during heat stress at heading stage (T1, field waterless coverage;T2, maintaining 10 cm water layer in the field), the canopy temperature and the soil temperature were measured, the diurnal variation of each energy balance component in the rice field was calculated. The results showed: during the day, T2 treatment could reduce the daily maximum temperature and average temperature of rice canopy, paddy soil temperature, and the time of maximum soil temperature were delayed 1h. Irrigation mainly affected the exchange of sensible heat flux ( H ) and latent heat flux ( LE ) in rice fields, resulting in differences in canopy temperature. Under the T2 treatments, the LE/Rn ratios were increased by 9.71%, and the H/Rn ratios were decreased by 31.87% compared to those ratios under the T1 treatment. This indicated that the latent heat exchange in rice fields was increased and the sensible heat exchange was reduced under water cover, which was conducive to evapotranspiration in the field, making the canopy temperature and soil temperature rise slower than T1. Water cover in the field could alleviate the hazard of heat stress in rice at heading stage.

关 键 词：水稻 高温热害 灌溉 温度 能量平衡 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S166[农业科学—农业工程]