“伊斯兰国”对圣战萨拉菲思想的继承与“伊斯兰国化”  

The “Islamic State” and Salafi Jihadism: Inheritance and Transformation

作　　者：周明[1,2] 雷环瑞 ZHOU Ming;LEI Huanrui(School of Politics and International Relations, Lanzhou University ,Lanzhou, 730000)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学政治与国际关系学院,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学阿富汗研究中心

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2019年第4期51-75,158,159,共27页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中亚萨拉菲与恐怖极端势力的关系及其对新疆安全的影响研究”(项目批号:14CGJ016),国家社科基金“一带一路”专项项目“中亚五国研究与数据库建设”(项目批号:17VDL003);社科基金重点项目“新疆反恐形势、机制与对策研究”(项目编号:15AZD018)的阶段性成果;2019年度兰州大学人文社科类中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金重点研究基地项目“欧亚秩序与一带一路研究”(项目编号:2019jbkyjd005)及其他类别项目(项目编号:2019jbkytd002、2019jbkyzy029)的资助

摘　　要：作为“圣战萨拉菲主义”的一部分,了解“伊斯兰国”的意识形态,需要探究其与圣战萨拉菲思想之间的关系。由于涉及大量宗教内容,学界在此问题上的讨论略显不足。“伊斯兰国”在继承圣战萨拉菲思想的认知与行动体系基础上杂糅了其他伊斯兰思想,展现出了自身特色,但并未在神学上展示出重大创新。就其产生的国际动员能力以及网络影响力而言,“伊斯兰国”取得了相当成功。但其退出“基地”组织、挑战“基地”组织恐怖主义领导者地位的做法,显现了各恐怖组织之间的矛盾。“伊斯兰国”的迅速崛起,可能引发其他恐怖组织的模仿,激发各组织间的竞争,进而使整个萨拉菲恐怖主义陷入派系斗争或过于极端,从而削弱萨拉菲恐怖主义。As part of the Salafi Jihadism movement, the ideology of the “Islamic State” requires further exploration and understanding of the relationship between Salafi jihadism and the “Islamic State”. The religious ideology behind Salafi-jihadism has left the academia’s discussions on this issue fairly inadequate. While inheriting the ideological essence and the action system of Salafi Jihadism, the “Islamic State”: has also absorbed other Islamic thoughts and formed its own characteristics, but it hasn’t made any significant theological innovation. The “Islamic State” has achieved considerable success in building its international mobilization capabilities and expanding its impact on the internet. However, its split with Al-Qaeda and its attempts to challenge the latter’s leadership have also demonstrated the existing tensions and conflicts among terrorist organizations. The rapid rise of the “Islamic State” may make it an example to be followed by other terrorist organizations, giving rise to even more fierce competition among them and thus seriously weakening Salafi jihadism by plunging it into factional struggles and making it increasingly extreme.

关 键 词：“伊斯兰国” 意识形态 圣战萨拉菲思想 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]