GPI锚——一种复杂的蛋白质翻译后修饰  

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor:a complex post-translational modification

作　　者：李庆伟[1,2] 宋涛 勾萌[1,2] 滕洪明 卢佳丽[1,2] LI Qingwei;SONG Tao;GOU Meng;TENG Hongming;LU Jiali(School of Life Science,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,China;Lamprey Research Centre,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁大连116081 [2]辽宁师范大学七鳃鳗研究中心,辽宁大连116081

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第2期215-222,共8页Journal of Liaoning Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助青年项目(31301880);辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划项目(LJQ2015057);大连市高层次人才创新支持计划项目(2015R067)

摘　　要：糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白(glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins,GPI-APs)是一种在真核生物细胞膜表面普遍存在的蛋白质,最大特点是没有跨膜结构域和胞质尾区,通过翻译后修饰产生的GPI结构锚定在细胞膜上.GPI锚结构复杂,由磷酸氨基乙醇联结部、核心糖链和磷酸肌醇尾组成.核心糖链中的甘露糖、葡萄糖胺、磷酸肌醇残基可不同程度地被磷酸氨基乙醇和其他糖类修饰.尽管被精确解析出的GPI锚结构还较少,但已在分子水平上证明GPI锚具有非常多样的生物学功能,如信号传导、细胞黏附、蛋白质转运和免疫反应等等.近年来,由于实验技术的进步,GPI锚的相关研究也在逐步深入.对GPI锚独特的翻译后修饰及其功能的最新研究进行分析归纳.Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins(GPI-APs)are proteins that are ubiquitous on the surface of eukaryotic cell membranes.The most important feature is that there are no transmembrane domains and cytoplasmic tails.The GPI structure produced by post-translational modification is anchored to the cell membrane.The GPI anchor has a complex structure consisting of a phosphoric acid aminoethanol linkage,a core sugar chain,and a phosphoinositol tail.The mannose,glucosamine,and phosphoinositide residues in the core sugar chain can be modified to varying degrees by aminoethanol phosphate and other sugars.Although not many GPI anchor structures have been accurately resolved,GPI anchors have been shown to have a variety of biological functions at the molecular level,such as signal transduction,cell adhesion,protein transport,and immune responses.In recent years,due to the advancement of experimental technology,related research on GPI anchors is gradually deepening.This paper analyzes the latest research on the unique post-translational modification and function of GPI anchor.

关 键 词：糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白 GPI锚结构 GPI锚功能 信号传导 

分 类 号：Q539[生物学—生物化学]