2013—2018年广州市荔湾区流行性感冒流行特征及病原学分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and etiology of influenza from 2013 to 2018 in Liwan District, Guangzhou City

作　　者：李海[1] 黄小倩 蔡明伟[1] 杨翠辉[1] 王敏[1] LI Hai;HUANG Xiao-qian;CAI Ming-wei;YANG Cui-hui;WANG Min(Disease Control Department,Guangzhou Liwan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 510170, Guangdong Province, China)

机构地区：[1]广州市荔湾区疾病预防控制中心疾控科,广东广州510170 [2]广州市白云区石门街社区卫生服务中心公卫科,广东广州510430

出　　处：《微生物学免疫学进展》2019年第3期47-52,共6页Progress In Microbiology and Immunology

摘　　要：目的 掌握广州市荔湾区2013—2018年流行性感冒(influenza,简称流感)病例及病原学的流行特征,为制定流感防控策略提供科学依据。方法 运用描述性流行病学方法对荔湾区2013—2018年流感数据进行分析。结果 2013— 2018年广州市荔湾区共报告流感7 585例,其中2018年最高为2 691例,发病率283.26/10万;2013年最低,仅有528例,发病率57.78/10万。流感流行趋势每年出现1~2次流行高峰,高峰季节为春季和冬季;男女性别比1.23∶1,差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。年龄以0~<5岁和5~<15岁组为主;职业以散居儿童、学生和幼托儿童为主,年龄和职业差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。共检测流感样病例(influenza-like cases, ILI)咽拭子标本总数 6 110 份,其中,流感病毒阳性标本总数564份,阳性率9.23%;每年可有1~2次检出高峰,高峰季节为春季和冬季。流感病毒型别呈现新甲H1型、季H3型和B型交替流行趋势。结论 广州市荔湾区流感防控重点人群是15岁以下的散居、托幼儿童和中小学生,防控重点季节为春季和冬季。据此预测,2019年则需重点防控新甲H1型(A型)流感病毒。Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological features of influenza occurred in Liwan District, Guangzhou, so as to provide a scientific basis in prevention and control strategy for influenza. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was conducted to the data on influenza from 2013 to 2018 in Liwan District. Results A total of 7 585 influenza cases were reported, the highest incidence was 2 691 cases in 2018, with an annual incidence of 283.26/10 5 , the lowest one was 528 cases in 2013, with an annual incidence of 57.78/10 5 . The epidemic trend of influenza had one to two epidemic peaks in each year, in spring and winter. There was no a statistical significance in gender groups( P >0.05)for male to female with a ratio 1.23∶1. The cases mainly concentrated in age groups 0-5 years and 5-15 years. The occupations belonged to scattered children, student and children in kindergarten. There were statistical significances in age and ocupation groups( P <0.05). A total of 610 swab specimens for influenza-like cases(ILI)were detected, of which 564 were positive for influenza virus, with a positive rate 9.23%. There were 1 to 2 detected peaks in each year, during spring and winter. It showed an interchangebale predominance pattern from different influenza types with new influenza A H1 (A), H3 and type B. Conclusion The main influenza targets in the area concentrated in age under 15 years, including scattered children, children in kindergarten, pupils and students. The key seasons were in spring and winter. It should pay attention to protect from infection of new influenza A H1 (A) virus in 2019.

关 键 词：流感 流行特征 流感防控 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]