驯化高效脱氮菌增强模拟人工湿地处理生活污水的效果  

Effect of High-efficiency Nitrogen Removal Bacteria on Domestic Sewage Treatment by Constructed Wetland

作　　者：魏阳 侯彬 陈琛 韩庆吉 汪元南 罗海林 欧英娟 WEI Yang;HOU Bin;CHEN Chen;HAN Qing-ji;WANG Yuan-nan;LUO Hai-lin;OU Ying-juan(College of Environmental and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051 China;South China Institute of EnvironmentalScience.MEE,Guangzhou 510655 China;School of Civil and Architectural Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;Guangdong Association of Environmental Protection Industry,Guangzhou 510045,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学环境与安全工程学院,太原030051 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655 [3]西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,西安710054 [4]广东省环境保护产业协会,广州510045

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2019年第17期363-368,共6页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：广东省渔港建设和渔业产业发展专项(粤财农[2017]17号);广东省级财政技术研究与开发补助费用项目(PM-zx097-201601-024)资助

摘　　要：目前中国农村污水的治理迫在眉睫,人工湿地对农村污水的治理具有投资少、仪器维护运行简单、美化环境等特点。同时在人工湿地系统中,吸收和降解污染物主要是由生物群体完成的。以小型人工湿地为研究对象,利用前期驯化的高效脱氮菌株为菌种,构建了三种不同接种方式下各反应器对氮素的去除效率,对比确定微生物强化人工湿地的最优菌群的接种方式;评价了所构建实验室小型人工湿地系统的去污效果,进行了微生物强化实验室小型人工湿地处理模拟废水的工艺研究。同时驯化培养了高效脱氮菌株,以实际生活污水为研究对象,保证出水中氨氮(NH4^+-N)、总氮(TN)达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准要求。取得的主要研究结论如下:驯化培养的微生物对强化人工湿地具有重要作用,在去除污水中的氮方面有良好的效果。较不加菌的氮去除效果,一次加菌与二次加菌实验组有显著性差异。二次加菌实验组中NH4^+-N、TN去除率最高,分别增加到99. 6%、86. 6%。培养驯化的微生物对氮的分解去除作用比湿地系统中自然生长的常规微生物更快更高效,证明了微生物强化技术在所构建的实验室小型人工湿地系统中得到了成功的应用。对农村污水治理提供合理依据。At present,the treatment of rural sewage in China is imminent. The artificial wetland has the characteristics of less investment,simple maintenance and operation of the instrument,and beautifying the environment.At the same time,in the constructed wetland system,the absorption and degradation of pollutants are mainly done by biological groups. Small-scale constructed wetland was used as the research object,and the high-efficiency nitrogen-removing strains of the previous domestication were used as the strains to construct the nitrogen removal efficiency of each reactor under three different inoculation methods. The inoculation method was used to evaluate the decontamination effect of the small constructed wetland system in the constructed laboratory,and the microbial intensification laboratory small artificial wetland treatment of simulated wastewater was studied. At the same time,the high-efficiency nitrogen-removing strains were domesticated and cultivated,and the actual domestic sewage was taken as the research object to ensure that the ammonia nitrogen( NH4^+-N) and total nitrogen( TN) in the effluent reached the grade A standard requirements of the Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants.The main research conclusions obtained are as follows. Domesticated cultured microorganisms play an important role in strengthening constructed wetlands and have good effects in removing nitrogen from sewage. The nitrogen removal effect was less than that of the bacteria added,and there was a significant difference between the one-time addition and the secondary addition test group. The removal rate of NH4^+-N and TN was the highest in the secondary bacteria addition group,which increased to 99. 6% and 86. 6%,respectively. The cultivation and purification of microorganisms is faster and more efficient than the conventional microorganisms naturally grown in the wetland system,which proves that the microbial enhancement technology has been successfully applied in the constructed laboratory small construc

关 键 词：人工湿地 微生物 接种 生活污水 生物强化 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]