贵州山地烤烟种植制度对黄壤农田肥力的影响  

Responses of soil fertility to different cropping patterns in yellow soil farmland in mountain of Guizhou

作　　者：朱经伟 石俊雄 张恒 熊晶 刘琼 文德锋 张云贵[3] ZHU Jing-wei;SHI Jun-xiong;ZHANG Heng;XIONG Jing;LIU Qiong;WEN De-feng;ZHANG Yun-gui(Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang Guizhou 550081;Bijie Branch of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company,Bijie Guizhou 551700;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Key Laboratory of Eco-environment and Leaf Tobacco Quality,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550081 [2]毕节市烟草公司,贵州毕节551700 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/烟草行业生态环境与烟叶质量重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第3期56-62,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司,贵州省基本烟田土壤质量长期定位监测(合同号:201303);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司,贵州植烟土壤保育与改良技术集成与示范(合同号:201703)

摘　　要：为探究不同烤烟种植制度对贵州山地黄壤理化性质和生物学指标的影响,本研究以贵州省植烟土壤肥力与肥料效益监测基地10年(2008~2017年)长期定位施肥试验为平台,系统分析了烤烟-冬闲-烤烟连作(NR)与烤烟-冬闲-玉米轮作(R)两种种植制度对该地区黄壤农田养分、容重、孔隙度及微生物数量的影响。研究结果表明,与NR处理相比,R处理能够减缓土壤中氮、磷、钾全量和速效形态养分含量的累积强度,减少土壤有机碳的损失,缓解因施用化肥导致的土壤酸化,稳定土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量构成,但对土壤容重和孔隙度无显著影响。因此,本研究推荐在黄壤农田中采用烤烟-冬闲-玉米轮作制度,以促进其可持续利用。研究结果同时也为贵州山地烤烟种植制度下的施肥管理及养分利用提供了理论依据。In order to provide a basis for promoting soil fertilizer management and nutrient utilization of tobacco rotation systems in southwest mountain area,it is necessary to study the effects of long-term application of different tobacco rotation systems on soil chemical,physical and biological properties.The research was conducted at a 10-year long-term fertilizer experiment in yellow soil in Guizhou,China,two treatments were set up,including continuous cropping of tobacco(NR)and rotations of tobacco and maize(R).Soil chemical nutrients,bulk density,soil porosity and amount of soil microbes were determined.The results showed that the less intensity of soil organic matter and the accumulation intensity of soil total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and available phosphorus,potassium were reduced in R treatment in the yellow soil compared with NR treatment.In addition,the declining of soil pH slowed down under R treatment.Meanwhile,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes were stabilized in the soil treated by R compared with NR.However,no significant difference of soil bulk density and porosity were observed between the two cropping patterns(P>0.05).Therefore,it was suggested that the adoption of maize-tobacco rotation patterns should be used in yellow soil to maintain the sustainable utilization of farmland.

关 键 词：烤烟-冬闲-玉米轮作 烤烟-冬闲-烤烟连作 黄壤 贵州山地 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S158[农业科学—作物学]