牛粪和玉米秸秆混合堆肥好氧发酵菌剂筛选  

Screening of aerobic fermentation microbial agents mixed with cow dung and corn straw

作　　者：张玉凤[1] 田慎重[1] 边文范[1] 郭洪海[1] 宫志远[1] 刘兆辉[1] 李瑞琴[1] 陈剑秋 罗加法 ZHANG Yu-feng;TIAN Shen-zhong;BIAN Wen-fan;GUO Hong-hai;GONG Zhi-yuan;LIU Zhao-hui;LI Rui-qin;CHEN Jian-qiu;LUO Jia-fa(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer/Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers,Shandong Jinan 250100;Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co.,Ltd./Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources/Integrated Utilization,Linshu 276700;Royal New Zealand AgResearch,Ruakura Research Centre,Hamilton 3240)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室/山东省环保肥料工程技术研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司/养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室,山东临沭276700 [3]新西兰皇家农业科学研究院鲁亚库拉研究中心,哈密尔顿3240

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第3期172-178,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0501401);山东省农业重大应用技术项目“畜禽粪便资源化高效利用关键技术研究”;国家小麦产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(CARS-03);“海外泰山学者”建设工程专项经费

摘　　要：为筛选出适合牛粪和秸秆混合物料快速发酵的微生物菌剂,采用槽式堆肥方法,通过设置不接菌种、接种菌剂M1、M2、M3共4个处理,以发酵温度、pH值、发芽指数、有机质、氮、磷、钾等为评价指标,研究菌剂M1、M2、M3对堆肥发酵过程的影响。结果表明:接种菌剂处理达到50℃时间比不接种处理提前4d,高温维持时间延长10~12d,接种菌剂处理堆温在50℃以上时间持续了24d,达到了GB/T7959-2012标准;发酵过程中接种处理的pH值低于对照,pH值呈现下降、上升、下降、平稳的趋势;接种M1、M2处理的油菜发芽指数达到100%;C/N逐渐下降,30d时接种处理由最初的27.75∶1下降到14.47∶1~17.27∶1,而对照仅下降到20.55∶1;堆肥结束时,菌剂处理的有机质、N+P2O5+K2O含量与NY525-2012标准接近,发酵产物适合做生产商品有机肥的原料。综合各项指标,菌剂1和菌剂2的发酵效果优于菌剂3,菌剂1和菌剂2更适合牛粪和秸秆混合物料发酵。In order to screen out the microbial agents suitable for rapid fermentation of cow dung and corn straw mixture,the fermentation temperature,pH,Germination index,organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and other index were used as evaluation index to study the effects of bacterial agents M1,M2 and M3 on composting fermentation process using the groove composting method.The results showed that,compared with the control,the period of reaching 50℃ for inoculant treatments was 4 days earlier,the high temperature maintenance time was extended by 10~12 days,and the inoculant treatment reactor temperature lasted for 24 days at 50℃,reaching GB/T 7959-2012 standard.The pH of the inoculation treatment during fermentation was lower than that of the control,and during fermentation,the pH showed a downward,upward,downward and then stable trend.The germination index of rape treated with inoculated M1 and M2 reached 100%.The C/N ratio decreased gradually,the inoculation treatments decreased from 27.75∶1 to 14.47∶1~17.27∶1 after 30 days,while the control only dropped to 20.55∶1.At the end of composting,the organic matter content and the N+P2O5+K2O content of the microbial treatment were close to the NY 525-2012 standard,which showed that the fermentation product is suitable for the production of commercial organic fertilizer.Combined with various indicators,the fermentation effect of M1 and M2 is better than that of M3,and the microbial agent M1 and M2 are more suitable for the fermentation of the cow manure and corn straw mixture.

关 键 词：牛粪 玉米秸秆 好氧发酵 发酵菌剂 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]