骨髓间充质干细胞对机械力学微环境的响应:观点、现状、思考与未来  

Response of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to mechanical microenvironment: viewpoint, actuality, thinking and future

作　　者：孙彬 段浩 钟宗雨 刘政 李晓壮 唐志宏 何飞 Sun Bin;Duan Hao;Zhong Zongyu;Liu Zheng;Li Xiaozhuang;Tang Zhihong;He Fei(First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学第一附属医院

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2019年第25期4075-4081,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460244),项目负责人:何飞;云南省科技计划项目省应用基础研究(2015FA002),项目负责人:何飞~~

摘　　要：背景:骨髓间充质干细胞是骨组织工程中重要的种子细胞,但该细胞定向增殖分化调控研究仍是一个难题,既往的研究主要集中在生物化学方面的调控作用,而机械力学因素对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化的调控研究较少。目的:总结近年来机械力学微环境对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化影响的研究现状和最新进展。方法:以"力学微环境、间充质干细胞、刚度、增殖分化"为关键词检索CNKI数据库、万方数据库,以"mechanical microenvironment,mesenchymal stem cell,stiffness,proliferation and differentiation"为英文关键词检索PubMed数据库,共检索到117篇文献,经筛选后对符合标准的65篇文献进行归纳分析。结果与结论:不同的机械力可使骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化受到不同影响。牵张力与流体剪切力对骨髓间充质干细胞产生的刺激大部分会使其向成骨方向分化,而压缩力和静水压力对骨髓间充质干细胞产生的刺激大部分会使其偏向软骨方向分化,小部分向成骨方向分化。不同基底力学机械信号对间充质干细胞成神经、成脂、成肌与成骨方向产生影响,每种分化方向都有其最适的分化条件。细胞的自身组分在响应机械力学信号中也承担重要作用。为了探索机械力学与骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化之间的关系,模拟建立骨髓间充质干细胞所受力学微环境相似的基质和支架系统是目前重要研究手段之一。BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are important seed cells in bone tissue engineering repair. However, it is difficult to control the cell proliferation and differentiation. Although previous studies have focused on biochemical regulation, little is reported on the mechanical microenvironment for controlling the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status and recent progress in the effect of mechanical microenvironment on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.METHODS: A search with the keywords of "mechanical microenvironment;mesenchymal stem cells;stiffness;proliferation and differentiation" in Chinese and English was conducted in the CNKI, WanFang and PubMed, respectively. Initially 117 articles were retrieved,and 65 eligible articles were finally summarized.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Different mechanical forces cause different effects on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Under mechanical tension and fluid shear forces, the cells mostly differentiate into osteoblasts. Under compressive and hydrostatic pressure, the majority of the cells differentiate into chondrocytes, while a small amount of the cells are induced to differentiate into osteoblasts. Mechanical signals from different basal mechanics have an effect on neurogenesis adipogenesis, myogenesis and osteogenesis in the mesenchymal stem cells. There are different optimal conditions for the cells differentiating into different tissues. Different self-components of the cells also play an important role in their response to mechanical signals. To explore the relationship between mechanical dynamics and proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, we establish a simulated matrix and scaffold system similar to the mechanical microenvironment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

关 键 词：骨髓间充质干细胞 力学微环境 牵张力 流体剪切力 刚度 压缩力 静水压力 基质 增殖分化 国家自然科学基金 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R394.2[医药卫生—临床医学]