伊拉克土库曼人社会地位的演变及其政治前景探析  

An Analysis on Social Status Change of the Iraqi Turkmen and their Political Prospect

作　　者：成振海 Zhenhai Cheng

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界民族》2019年第3期99-110,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“南库尔德斯坦问题与英国的中东政策”(项目号:16CSS032)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：伊拉克境内的突厥人后裔被称为“伊拉克土库曼人”。作为伊拉克第三大族群,土库曼人长期以来遭到伊拉克阿拉伯人政府的歧视、压迫和“阿拉伯化”。萨达姆政权倒台前,土库曼人的社会地位经历了“逐渐恶化”“相对改善”和“黑暗时期”三个阶段。面对伊拉克政府的压迫,土库曼人主要采取了和平性的政治斗争方式,来谋求获得正当的民族身份地位和平等的公民权利,特别是在1991年海湾战争后,伊拉克北部土库曼人的政治运动得到了快速发展,大量土库曼政治性组织成立并走向联合。然而,后萨达姆时代伊拉克政局的动荡、库尔德人的压迫、外部支持力量的减弱以及土库曼人社会内部的分裂致使土库曼人面临诸多新的挑战和威胁,伊拉克土库曼人的政治前景在可预期的未来仍然暗淡。The descendants of the ancient Turks living in Iraq are called the "Iraqi Turkmen". As the third largest ethnic group in Iraq,they have long been suffering from discrimination,oppression and "Arabization"by the Iraqi Arab government. The social status of the Iraqi Turkmen before the downfall of the Saddam regime underwent three phases,namely"deteriorating","relatively improving"and the"darkest period". Faced with the oppression from the Iraqi government,the Turkmen have usually adopted the tactics of peaceful political struggle to obtain legitimate national status and equal civil rights. Particularly,since the Gulf War in 1991,the political movement launched by the Turkmen in northern Iraq has developed rapidly,with a large number of Turkmen political organizations being established and moving towards a union. However,the raging political unrest,the oppression from the KRG,waning external support and the internal split have brought them to face many new challenges and threats in the post Saddam Iraq. As a result,the political prospects of Iraqi Turkmen still remain gloomy in the foreseeable future.

关 键 词：伊拉克土库曼人 族际冲突 民族国家认同 萨达姆政府 

分 类 号：D737.7[政治法律—政治学]