三种新烟碱农药对西方蜜蜂生存和生理的联合影响  

Combination effects of three neonicotinoid pesticides on physiology and survival of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

作　　者：王宇飞[1] 施腾飞[1] 许圣云 Sawyer Burton 侯超 朱玉洁 余林生 WANG Yu-Fei;SHI Teng-Fei;XU Sheng-Yun;HOU Chao;ZHU Yu-Jie;YU Lin-Sheng(College of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,合肥230036 [3]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2019年第3期612-618,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-45-KXJ10)

摘　　要：为探究亚致死浓度的3种常用新烟碱农药噻虫嗪、吡虫啉和噻虫胺两两混合对西方蜜蜂生存以及乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性的联合影响,本研究通过饲喂管法检测这3种新烟碱农药对西方蜜蜂的经口性急性毒性。用各农药的LD10值作为处理剂量,检测LD10的各农药及其两两混合处理西方蜜蜂后48h蜜蜂的死亡率,并检测各处理组蜜蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性变化。3种农药两两互混后与单一农药相比均能显著增加西方蜜蜂的死亡率(P<0.05);噻虫嗪和吡虫啉以及噻虫嗪和噻虫胺联合用药均对蜜蜂毒性具有协同增效作用(Q>1.15)。所有农药处理组蜜蜂的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中噻虫嗪与噻虫胺混合组乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性最高;噻虫嗪和吡虫啉以及噻虫嗪和噻虫胺两两互混后与单一农药处理组相比均能显著增加蜜蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶活性(P<0.05)。除噻虫嗪与噻虫胺互混组对蜜蜂谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05),其他农药组谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性均没有明显变化。新烟碱类农药噻虫嗪和吡虫啉以及噻虫嗪和噻虫胺互混处理组能够协同增加对蜜蜂的毒性,而且农药混合与单一农药处理相比能引起蜜蜂不同的生理变化。本研究利于更深入了解和探究混合农药对蜜蜂健康的影响,并为保护蜜蜂提供一定理论基础。To investigate combination effects of three common neonicotinoid pesticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and clothianidin on the activities of acetycholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S -transferases (GSTs), and the survival in honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.). The acute toxicity of three neonicotinoids pesticides to honey bees was tested by “oral-feeling tube” method;The mortalities, AChE and GSTs activities of honey bees was measure at 48 h after bees were exposed to LD 10 of thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and clothianidin, and binary mixtures of these pesticides. The mortalities were significantly increased by binary mixtures of three pesticides ( P <0.05). The synergistic effect of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, or thiamethoxam and clothianidin could increase the toxicity to bees( Q > 1.15). The activities of AChE in pesticide treatment groups were all significantly higher than control ( P <0.05). Binary mixtures of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, or thiamethoxam and clothianidin could significantly increased the activities of AChE ( P <0.05). The activities of GSTs were distinctly inhibited by the mixture of thiamethoxam and clothianidin ( P <0.05);however, there were no significant differences in the activities of GSTs in other pesticide groups. Combined toxicity was detected from mixtures of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, or thiamethoxam and clothianidin showed synergistic interaction. Binary mixtures of neonicotinoids showed different physiology changes than single neonicotinoids in honeybees. These results are important for exploring impact of pesticides on the health of honey bees and provide theoretical basis in honey bees protection.

关 键 词：西方蜜蜂 新烟碱类农药 生存 生理 联合影响 

分 类 号：Q965.9[生物学—昆虫学] S899[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]