中美英德法出境旅游国际影响力比较——基于经济视角的时空分析  

International influences of outbound tourism from China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France:Spatiotemporal analysis based on economic perspective

作　　者：李中建 孙根年 LI Zhongjian;SUN Gennian(School of Geography and Tourism, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China;School of Tourism and Public Administration, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院地理学国家级实验教学示范中心,西安710119 [2]晋中学院旅游与公共管理学院,晋中030619

出　　处：《资源科学》2019年第5期919-930,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(12BJY131);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2017KRM202);西安市社会科学基金项目(18x64)

摘　　要：2000年以来,中国出境旅游的快速崛起,产生了巨大的国际影响力。在构建出境旅游国际影响力概念模型的基础上,以中国、美国、英国、德国和法国为研究对象,采用2005—2016年国际统计数据,从出游规模、增长潜力、影响范围3个维度,选取市场占比、增长贡献度、目的地多样性和平均出游半径等指标,研究了5国出境旅游国际影响力的此消彼长和空间差异。结果发现:随着经济的持续快速增长,中国出境游市场占比及增长贡献度先后超越法、英、德、美,对世界及目的地国家的旅游产生了很大影响。中国人均可支配收入低,在目的地多样性、平均出游半径等方面与美英有较大差距。受经济实力、距离衰减、文化认同和经贸联系的影响,美英出境旅游影响范围最大;中国出境旅游影响力主要集中于亚太,对欧洲和北美影响较大;而德法主要局限于欧洲。为此,中国应大力发展出境旅游,增加服务贸易进口,平衡国际贸易,并运用出境旅游的国际影响力,创造有利的国际环境,维护国家利益。Since 2000, the rapid rise of China’s outbound tourism has produced huge international influence. Based on a conceptual model of outbound tourism’s international influence, this study used 2005-2016 international statistical data and took China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France as the research object to compare the changes and spatial differences of outbound tourism influence between the five countries. We examined the three dimensions of outbound tourism scale, growth potential, and influence scope, with market share,growth contribution, destination diversity, and average travel radius as indicators. The results show that: With the sustained high growth of the economy, China’s outbound tourism market share and growth contribution have surpassed France, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States,which has had a great impact on world and destination tourism. However, due to the low per capita disposable income, China’s outbound tourism was far behind the United States and the United Kingdom in destination diversity and average travel radius. Influenced by economic strength,distance attenuation, cultural identity, and economic and trade ties, the United States and the United Kingdom outbound tourism had the greatest influence;the influence of China’s outbound tourism was mainly concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region, and it also had a greater impact on Europe and North America compared to the rest of the world. Outbound tourism of Germany and France was mainly limited to Europe. China should vigorously develop outbound tourism, increase the import of service trade, balance international trade, reduce trade friction, and use the international influence of outbound tourism to create a favorable international environment and safeguard national interests.

关 键 词：出境旅游 国际影响力 市场占比 增长贡献度 目的地多样性 平均出游半径 

分 类 号：F591[经济管理—旅游管理]